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The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.

Subject Index

Page 10

Bayle, Pierre, French historian 645. Bay of Bengal 845. Bay of Biscay 418, 420. Bay of Honduras 573. Bay of Islands 1500. Bay of Naples 182, 184, 252. Bay of Pigs 3689, 3716, 3717, 3735. Bayon, Angkor temple 340. Bayonne 513, 515, 515, 521, 1910. Bayonne Conference 726. Bayrakdar Mustafa Pasha, governor of Bulgaria 811. Bazaine, Achille, French marshal 1185. Bazard, St.-Amand, French socialist 1035. Bazargan, Mehdi, Iranian leader 3821, 3821, 3825, 3826. Bazin, Marc L., Haitian leader 3751. Beadle, George W., geneticist 1731. Beagle, HMS 1043. Beagle Channel 570. Beas (Hyphasis) River 207. Beatles, musicians 2702, 2704, 2774, 3409. Beatrice, mother of Alfonso X 476. Beatrice, widow of Boniface of Tuscany 454, 467. Beatrice, wife of Frederick I Barbarossa 456. Beatrice, wife of John I of Castile 528. Beatrice Kimpa Vita, religious prophet 869, 869, 887, 1506. Beatrice of Bourbon, wife of Robert of Clermont 599. Beatrix, queen of the Netherlands 2832. Beatty, David 1795, 1809. Beauce 1004. Beau de Rochas, Alphonse, inventor 981. Beaumont, Francis, English playwright 594. Beauvais 449. Beauvoir, Simone de, writer 2649. Bebel, August, German leader 1233, 1234. Beccaria, Cesare, Italian philosopher and scientist 645, 735. Becerra, Francisco, Spanish colonial architect 912. Becerra Law, Philippines 1481. Bech, Joseph, leader of Luxembourg 2835, 2835, 2835. Becher, Johann Joachim, scientist 641. Bechuanaland 1507, 1547, 4456, 4458. See Botswana. Becket, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury 444, 450. Becquerel, Alexandre, physicist 1736. Becquerel, Antoine H., physicist 1149. Bedaux, Charles, efficiency expert 1734. Bede, St., scholar 421, 422, 422. Bedford, duke of, regent for Henry VI 515, 522, 522. Bedornz, J. Georg, physicist 2704. Bedreddin, sheikh, Ottoman rebel 312. beduins 808, 1393, 2398, 2398. Beecham, Thomas 1848. Beecher, Henry Ward 1594. Beel, Louis J. M., Dutch leader 2827, 2830. “Beer Hall Putsch” 1978. Beer-Wine Revenue Act 2203. Begarha 334. Begin, Menachem, Israeli leader 3426, 3777, 3856, 3861, 3861. Beguines, communities of meditative women 595. Béhaine, Pierre Pigneau de, French missionary 1473. Béhanzin, king of Dahomey 1517. Behistun inscription 124. Behring, Emil A. von, scientist 1149, 1153. Beijing 138, 139, 156, 367, 369, 372, 372, 374, 375, 375, 375, 376, 376, 376, 380, 576, 851, 851, 852, 852, 852, 852, 852, 853, 853, 855, 856, 955, 969, 971, 1415, 1415, 1416, 1417, 1417, 1417, 1420, 1424, 1430, 1610, 2462, 2463, 2464, 2464, 2465, 2465, 2469, 2470, 2470, 2470, 2476, 2476, 2476, 2479, 2480, 2486, 2507, 2515, 2637, 2685, 2691, 2725, 3098, 3283, 4056, 4058, 4078, 4081, 4085, 4128, 4144, 4144, 4146, 4148, 4151, 4152, 4153, 4156, 4156, 4156, 4157, 4157, 4158, 4159, 4161, 4161, 4162, 4165, 4166, 4166, 4167, 4167, 4168, 4171, 4175, 4177, 4178, 4183, 4184, 4185, 4195, 4201, 4239, 4268, 4269, 4278; treaty of, 955, 1259; convention of 1860, 1417; occupation of, 1417; siege of legations, 1424. Beijing Airport 4158. Beijing Man 138. Beijing University 2463, 2464, 2478. Beiping, Nationalist name for Beijing See Beijing. Beira 1548. Beirut 107, 260, 437, 837, 1327, 1332, 1335, 1335, 1335, 1346, 2378, 2378, 2379, 2384, 2592, 2679, 3428, 3778, 3778, 3845, 3849, 3849, 3853. Beit, Alfred, South African financier 1555. Beiyang 2462. Beke, Charles T., explorer 1508. Bektashi, Sufi order 306. Bela I, king of Hungary 492. Bela II, king of Hungary 502. Bela III, king of Hungary 492, 502. Bela IV, king of Hungary 493, 493, 493, 493, 493. Belalcázar, Sebastián de, Spanish explorer 897, 897, 898. Belarus 559, 632, 633, 2067, 2069, 2076, 2080, 2114, 2754, 3301, 3304, 3304, 3315, 3318, 3319, 3332; Republic of Belarus, 3304; and Russia, 3317, 3317, 3318, 3318, 3319, 3367. See Belorussia. Belasitsa 438, 441. Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, Latin American leader 3553, 3553, 3556, 3556, 3557. Bélédugu 1512. Belém 915. Belfast 701, 701, 702, 1168, 1170, 1170, 1170, 1861, 2780, 2780, 2781, 2781, 2781, 2785, 2808; Maze Prison, 2790. Belfort 1738. Belgi 421, 425. Belgian Congo 961, 964, 1112, 1235, 1544, 1544, 1545, 2568, 2568, 2568, 2568, 2568, 2569, 2569, 2570, 2636, 4320, 4432, 4432, 4432, 4432, 4434, 4434, 4449, 4449, 4449. See Congo; Zaire. Belgic provinces 402. Belgium 450, 520, 595, 613, 895, 957, 1005, 1007, 1009, 1014, 1032, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1045, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1056, 1056, 1056, 1056, 1056, 1056, 1056, 1057, 1057, 1057, 1066, 1081, 1096, 1100, 1102, 1141, 1141, 1141, 1171, 1171, 1171, 1171, 1172, 1237, 1268, 1289, 1316, 1710, 1721, 1725, 1738, 1738, 1814, 1824, 1833, 1882, 1882, 1882, 1882, 1882, 1886, 1886, 1886, 1887, 1893, 1896, 1900, 1912, 1978, 2036, 2192, 2644, 2700, 2706, 2707, 2708, 2708, 2710, 2711, 2714, 2718, 2719, 2719, 2724, 2728, 2748, 2752, 2754, 2756, 2756, 2818, 2825, 2825, 2833, 2835, 2836, 2885, 2910, 2951, 3039, 3082, 3118, 3863, 3908; and Africa, 873, 1172, 1517, 1525, 1539, 1540, 1540, 1540, 1544, 1544, 2568, 2570, 4350, 4420, 4432, 4434, 4449, 4449, 4434, 4449, 4449, 4450; and WWI, 1141, 1141, 1173; WWI, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1738, 1755, 1769, 1769, 1771, 1780, 1780, 1784, 1789, 1789, 1789, 1882; between Wars, 1818, 1822; and Germany, 1882; WWI losses, 1882; and Netherlands, 1882; and Luxemboug, 1884; invasion of Ruhr, 1885; language regulations, 1887; Great Depression, 1887; and Nazi Germany, 1888; WWII, 1891, 1892, 1892, 1893, 2585, 2585, 2585, 2585, 2585, 2604, 2604, 2619, 2620; invasion by Germany, 1892; colonialism, 2554; WWII merchant tonnage, 2604; post-WWII, 2818; and Congo, 2821, 2821; Walloon (French), 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2823, 2823, 2823, 2824; Flemish, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2822, 2823, 2823, 2823, 2824; German-speaking, 2823; European currency, 2825; post-WWII colonialism, 4320. See Anglo-Belgian relations; Franco-Belgian relations. Belgorod 2596, 2596, 2596. Belgrade 313, 313, 494, 542, 561, 562, 563, 613, 635, 792, 804, 806, 807, 811, 1136, 1140, 1140, 1141, 1284, 1284, 1284, 1286, 1288, 1293, 1328, 1337, 1739, 1743, 1792, 1792, 1797, 2130, 2134, 2135, 2597, 2643, 2658, 2662, 2685, 2696, 2706, 2707, 3167, 3169, 3169, 3177, 3178, 3179, 3179, 3182, 4177; treaty of, 787, 807. Belgrade, University of 1285. Belgrade Six 3175. Belgrand, Marie-François-Eugène, French engineer 1179. Belisarius, Byzantine general 274, 403, 404, 406, 408, 427, 427, 427, 473. Belize 1680, 2678, 3763. See British Honduras. Belknap, William W., U.S. official 1595. Bell, king of Douala 1539. Bell X-1, airplane 1736. Bell, Alexander Graham, inventor 990. Bell, Charles 1042. Bell, John, U.S. leader 1584. Bell, William, district officer 2530. Bell and Coleman, developers of refrigating device 986. Bellarmine, Robert, Italian theologian and scholar 610. Bellasis, John Baron, in Popish Plot 676. Bellay, Joachim du, French poet 600. Bellegarde 710. Belle Isle 940. Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet de, duke of Gisors 660. Belle Jardinière, Paris 1061. Belleville, Parisian district 1184. Bellini, Gentile, artist 314, 539, 607. Bellinzona 1229. Bell-Lancaster school, Gabrovo 1298. Bello, Andrés, writer 1657. Bell Trade Relations Act, U.S. 4289. Bellum Punicum 229. Belorussia 482, 489, 557, 3301, 3303, 3304; radiation, 3294, 3297; Belarus, 3304; independence, 3304, 3315; sovereignty, 3315; Republic of Belarus, 3315. See Belarus. Belshazzar, regent of Babylonia 88. Belsky, Russian noble family 629. Belur 337. Belzú, Manuel, Latin American leader 1668, 1668. Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, Tunisian leader 3946, 3946, 3946. Bena people 1529. Benares 130, 333, 836, 836; Hindu University at, 2432. Benavente y Martinéz, Jacinto, playwright 1921. Benavides, Oscar, Peruvian leader 2258, 2262, 2262, 2262. Ben Bella, Ahmad, Algerian leader 3925, 3929, 3930, 3930. Bendahara, Malay family 837, 837, 837, 837. Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid, Malay official 837. Bendigo 1490. Bene, Eduard (or Edvard), Czech leader 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2020, 2021, 3120, 3121, 3123. Beneden, Edouard van, embryologist 1153. Benedetti, Vincent 1102, 1234. Benedetti Treaty 1102. Benedict V, pope 465, 465. Benedict VII 465. Benedict XI, pope 453, 470, 470. Benedict XIII, antipope 531, 531, 531, 737. Benedict XIV, pope 737. Benedict XV, pope 1223, 1771, 1941, 1945. Benedictines, religious order 268, 406, 406, 408, 421, 486, 609, 1530. Benedict of Aniane, religious adviser 411. Benedict of Nursia, St., monastic leader 268, 406, 406, 466. Benelux, Belgium 1893, 1900, 2707, 2719, 2719, 2818, 2821, 2835, 2985. Benet Biscop, monastic founder 421, 422. Benevento 408, 408, 408, 416, 459, 465, 466, 466, 467, 472. Beneventum 227, 268. Bengal 129, 130, 131, 133, 324, 324, 324, 324, 331, 331, 331, 332, 332, 333, 335, 335, 335, 336, 578, 830, 831, 832, 833, 834, 834, 835, 835, 835, 835, 835, 835, 836, 844, 1394, 1394, 1395, 1395, 1396, 1397, 1397, 1399, 1400, 2437, 2437, 3950, 3971, 3976, 3977, 3990, 4001. See West Bengal. Bengalis 835, 3990, 4016, 4016, 4016. Benghazi 1393, 1393, 1393, 2612, 2613, 3948. Bengkulen 841, 1410, 1412. Benguela 886, 1539. Benguela railway 4450. Ben Gurion, David, Israeli leader 1346, 3857, 3858. Ben Hadad I, king of Damascus 104, 106, 109. Ben Hadad II, king of Damascus 105, 106. Beni dance associations 2572. Aquino, Benigno, Philippine leader 4292, 4292, 4292. Benin 345, 359, 359, 359, 869, 869, 873, 873, 875, 875, 875, 1517, 1517, 4329, 4329, 4329, 4329. See Dahomey. Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia 4397. Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia 3436. Benjedid, Chadli, Algerian leader 3932, 3932, 3933, 3936. Ben Khedda, Ben Youssef, Algerian leader 3928. Bennett, Floyd, aviation pioneer 997. Bennett, Richard B., Canadian leader 2227, 2231, 2231, 2232, 2232. Ben Salah, Ahmad, Tunisian leader 3943, 3943. Bentes Montero, Euler, Brazilian leader 3618. Bentham, Jeremy, political philosopher 645, 1035. Bentinck, William 1395. Benton, Thomas Hart, U.S. political leader 1575. Benuë-Niger region 1508. Benue River 352. Ben Yehuda, Eliezer, Hebrew scholar 1346. Benz, Karl, automobile designer 990. Beran, Joseph, Czech archbishop 3124. Beran, Rudolf, Czech leader 2020. Berar 133, 333, 334, 831. Berat 564, 1798, 2143. Berbeo, Juan Francisco de, leader of revolt in Nueva Grananda 913. Berbers 44, 110, 290, 291, 292, 293, 295, 299, 322, 322, 344, 344, 354, 404, 404, 419, 419, 475, 475, 823, 826, 871, 1375, 1376, 1378, 1380, 1381, 1385, 2417, 2418, 2418. See Awraba Berbers; Barghawata Berbers; Kabyle Berbers; Kutama Berbers; Wazzani Berbers; Zanata Berbers; Zwawa Berbers. Berchtesgaden, Hitler's mountain retreat 1835, 1851, 2011. Berchtold, Leopold von 1141, 1746, 1746. Berczy, William, artist 1623. Berecz, János, Hungarian leader 3155. Bérégovoy, Pierre, French leader 2880. Bere Haven 1877. Berengar I of Friuli, king of Italy 409, 465. Berengar II of Ivrea 416, 465, 465. Berenguer, Damaso, Spanish dictator 1924, 1925. Berenguer, Ramón IV, count of Catalonia 477, 477, 479. Berenice II, wife of Antiochus II 213, 213, 218. Berenson, Lori Helene, U.S. citizen 3562. Berestczko, battle of 776. Berezina River 1029. Berg, F. W. 1254. Bergamo 472, 537, 537, 537, 538. Bergen, battle of 664. Bergen, University of 548, 549, 772, 2584, 3057. Bergenland 1708. Berger, Victor, U.S. leader 1611. Bergh, Christian Vilhelm, Norwegian engineer 1247. Bergman, Ingmar, film director 2702, 3066. Bergson, Henri, philosopher 1143, 1144. Beria, Laurenty, Russian leader 3267, 3267. Bering, Vitus, Danish explorer 993. Bering land bridge 18, 28, 28, 28, 29. Bering Sea 1635, 1635. Bering Strait 28, 33, 993. Berisha, Sali, Albanian leader 3205. Berkeley 1619, 3410. Berkeley, George, bishop and philosopher 645. Berkeley, 1st baron, John, English colonizer 935. Berkeley, William 937, 937. Berkshire 692. Berlin 661, 1024, 1072, 1096, 1096, 1097, 1102, 1104, 1104, 1105, 1105, 1106, 1108, 1136, 1140, 1141, 1142, 1268, 1344, 1418, 1610, 1741, 1741, 1746, 1762, 1781, 1781, 1814, 1838, 1916, 1971, 1971, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1973, 1975, 1984, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1994, 2020, 2020, 2021, 2185, 2232, 2587, 2587, 2590, 2621, 2621, 2621, 2621, 2691, 2709, 2714, 2719, 2722, 2723, 2982, 2982, 2982, 2985, 2985, 2985, 2987, 2987, 2995, 2995, 2996, 2996, 2996, 2996, 2996, 2997, 2997, 2998, 2998, 2998, 2999, 3000, 3000, 3002, 3005, 3005, 3006, 3006, 3008, 3010, 3012, 3013, 3013, 3013, 3015, 3015, 3016, 3016, 3016, 3018, 3019, 3023, 3026, 3275, 3404, 3406; congress of 1878, 962, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1110, 1325; conference on African affairs, 964, 1112, 1517; conference of 1879, 1110; treaty of, 1132, 1821; Congo conference, 1235; congress of, 1235, 1279; treaty of 1878, 1260, 1288, 1297, 1299, 1299, 1318, 1343, 1344, 1346, 1347, 1347; Olympics, 1706; battle of, 2621; blockade and airlift, 2637, 2648, 2985, 2987, 3393; Berlin Wall, 2637, 2637, 2658, 2685, 3016, 3020; crisis, 2722. Berlin, University of 1026, 1147. Berlin-Baghdad Railroad 956, 1124. Berlin Congress See Berlin. Berlin Declaration 2718. Berlin Decree 1024, 1024, 1571; and Continental System, 1020. Berliner, Emile, pioneer in sound reproduction 990. Berlinguer, Enrico, Italian leader 2941. Berlin memorandum, of 1876 1106, 1106. Berlin-Rome Axis See Rome-Berlin Axis. Berlusconi, Silvio, Italian leader 2948, 2948, 2950. Bermuda 906, 924, 931, 2587, 2599, 2712, 2770, 3765, 3765. Bermúdez, Francisco Morales, Peruvian leader 3555, 3555. Bermúdez, Remigio Morales, Latin American leader 1670. Bern 546, 546, 625, 625, 625, 625, 625, 626, 626, 748, 748, 749, 749, 749, 749, 750, 750, 750. Bernadotte, Folke 2648, 3769. Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste, French general and later king of Sweden 765, 1026, 1030. Bernard, Claude, physiologist 1151, 1151. Bernardes, Artur da Silva, Brazilian leader 2270. Bernard of Clairvaux, St. 449, 449, 450, 456, 468, 468, 505, 507. Bernard of Lublin, Polish writer 633. Bernardo of Siena, religious reformer 535. Bernardos, N. V., inventor 986. Berne 1094, 1228, 2973, 4256. Berner, Hagbard, journalist 1248. Berners-Lee, Tim, engineer 2686. Bernhard von Saxe-Weimar, German general 620, 620, 620, 620, 622. Bernini, Lorenzo, Italian artist 735. Bernoulli, Johann, Swiss scientist 642, 642. Bernstein, Eduard, German leader 1144, 1237. Bernstein, Henri, playwright 1903. Bernstorff, Andreas Peter, Danish leader 771, 771. Bernstorff, Johan Hartvig Ernst, Danish leader 770. Bernstorff, Johann von 1741, 1769. Berov, Lyuben, Bulgarian leader 3242. Berres, Luiz B., Uruguayan leader 3528, 3528. Berrhoe 496, 503. Berri 521, 523. Berri, duke of, presumed Bourbon heir to French throne 1059. Berro, Bernardo P., Latin American leader 1667. Bertha, wife of Ethelbert 421. Bertha, wife of Henry IV of Germany 454. Berthelot, Henri, French commander 1776. Berthelot, Marcelin, chemist 1152. Berthollet, Claude, scientist 1041. Bertolucci, Bernardo, film director 2702. Bertrand, Francisco, Honduran leader 2288, 2288. Bertrand de Gôt See Clement V, pope. Berwick 517, 591, 722. Berwick, duke of, James Fitzgerald, French marshal 728. Berytus 107. Berzelius, Jöns, chemist 1042. Berzins, Andris, Latvian leader 3351. Bes 108. Besançon 405, 411, 713, 1178. Besant, Annie Wood, Theosophist leader 1398, 2432, 2432. Bessarabia 439, 440, 787, 793, 811, 1024, 1100, 1106, 1108, 1108, 1256, 1259, 1260, 1318, 1343, 1823, 1830, 2176, 2180, 2185, 2635; and Russia, 1311; WWI, 1742. Bessarion, Johannes, religious scholar 531, 569. Besse, Georges, chief of Renault 2874. Bessel, Friedrich, astronomer 1040. Bessemer, Henry, inventor of steelmaking process 956, 983. Bessemer process 956, 983. Bessin 413. Bessus, Persian satrap 206. Betances, Ramón Emeterio, Puerto Rican leader 1694. Betancourt, Rómulo, Venezuelan leader 3594, 3598, 3599, 3599, 3600, 3600. Betancur, Belisario, Colombian leader 3580, 3580, 3581. Bethe, Hans A., astrophysicist 1730. Bethel, New York 3417. Bethell, Ernest, English journalist in Korea 1436. Bethlehem 458, 507, 1851. Bethlehem Steel Corporation 2206. Bethlen, István 2023, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2027, 2029. Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transylvania 617, 618, 636. Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, German leader 1136, 1140, 1141, 1237, 1770, 1971, 1971, 1971. Beth-Shean 103. Betislav I, the Restorer 484, 484, 486. Betislav of Bohemia 486. Bevan, Aneurin, British leader 1857, 2764. Beveridge, William 1856. Beveridge Report 1856. Bevin, Ernest, British leader 1839, 2764, 2983. Bevin-Sforza Plan 3947. Beyazid II, Turkish sultan 532. Bezabde 273.

The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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