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| 1903–21 |
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| PETER I, a well-intentioned ruler, was wholly at the mercy of the conspirators. | 1 |
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| 1904, Dec. 10–1905, May 22 |
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| First ministry of Nicholas Pashich. Serbian policy became outspokenly nationalist and anti-Austrian. | 2 |
| Slovenski Jug, an association devoted to Pan-Slavism, was formed in Belgrade. | 3 |
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| 1905 |
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| Serbia and Bulgaria signed a commercial agreement that was to establish a virtual economic union by 1917. | 4 |
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| 1905–7 |
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| “Pig War” with Austria, a tariff conflict that did much to embitter relations. In the end Austria lost by driving Serbia to rely even more on France and Russia. | 5 |
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| 1908–9 |
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| The Bosnian annexation crisis (See Oct. 6) caused an acute danger of war between Serbia and Austria. Serbia was obliged to back down, but the crisis left a legacy of hate. This spurred the foundation of propagandist societies (Narodna Odbrana, 1908; Union or Death (Black Hand), 1911). | 6 |
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| 1912, March 13 |
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| Treaty of alliance with Bulgaria. | 7 |
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| Sept. 12 |
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| Pashich was again elected premier. | 8 |
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| Oct. 18 |
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| Outbreak of the First Balkan War (See Oct. 18) (See Oct. 30). | 9 |
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