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| 1936, March 7 |
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| DENUNCIATION OF THE LOCARNO PACTS AND GERMAN REOCCUPATION OF THE RHINELAND. The Germans took advantage of the Ethiopian crisis and pleaded the danger from the Franco-Russian combination. Acute international crisis, influenced by the British attitude not to resort to military action in defense of the treaties. | 1 |
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| March 12 |
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| Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Italy denounced the German violation of the Locarno treaties, but no concrete action resulted (See 1936, March 7–12). Hitler's vague proposals for a new agreement came to naught, through his refusal to consider the extension of the agreement to Eastern Europe. | 2 |
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| March 25 |
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| London naval agreement between Britain, France, and the U.S. | 3 |
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| May 5 |
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| The Italian army occupied Addis Ababa, bringing to an end the Ethiopian war. Complete collapse of the League as a political instrument. Ethiopia, though a member of the League, was abandoned to its fate, and Italian aggression, like that of the Japanese in Manchuria, proved successful in the face of world opinion and even the application (though incomplete) of sanctions. | 4 |
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| July 18 |
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| BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR IN SPAIN (See July 18). The Spanish war divided Europe into Fascist and non-Fascist groups, with the intervention of Germany, Italy, and Russia. | 5 |
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| Oct. 25 |
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| A GERMAN-ITALIAN PACT established the Berlin-Rome Axis, marking the division of Europe into contending groups, with the Axis powers pressing for changes in the status quo. | 6 |
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| Nov. 9–12 |
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| Vienna conference of representatives of the Rome protocol states, marking the gradual consolidation of the Italian position in the Danube Basin. | 7 |
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| Nov. 14 |
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| Germany denounced international control of its waterways. Only France, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia protested. | 8 |
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| Nov. 25 |
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| A German-Japanese agreement, followed by an Italian-Japanese agreement (Nov. 6, 1937), directed against communism and the Third International (the anti-Comintern pact). | 9 |
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