| |
| 2. European Exploration, 1795–1895 |
| |
(See 1792–93)| |
| 1795–97, 1805–6 |
| |
| MUNGO PARK explored the Gambia and reached the Niger at Segu, finally establishing the fact that the great river flowed east. During his second voyage, Park drowned in the Niger near the Hausa state of Yauri. | 1 |
| |
| 1798–99 |
| |
| The Portuguese Francisco de Lacerda traveled from Tete on the Zambezi northward to Lake Mweru. | 2 |
| |
| 1802 |
| |
| Pieter Jan Truter and William Somerville explored Bechuanaland and penetrated the interior almost as far as Lake Ngami. | 3 |
| |
| 1802–11 |
| |
| The Angolan of color Pedro Baptista and A. José crossed the continent from Angola to Tete on the Zambezi. | 4 |
| |
| 1815 |
| |
| France abolished the slave trade. Other countries (notably Spain and Portugal) followed suit. | 5 |
| |
| 1818 |
| |
| Gaspard Mollien discovered the sources of the Gambia and the Senegal rivers. | 6 |
| |
| 1821–25 |
| |
| Walter Oudney, Dixon Denham, and Hugh Clapperton journeyed from Tripoli across the desert to Lake Chad and thence westward to the Niger, proving that the river had no connection with the lake. | 7 |
| |
| 1825–26 |
| |
| Alexander G. Laing crossed the desert from Tripoli to Tuat and thence to Timbuktu, the first 19th-century European to visit that city. Laing was killed on his return across the desert. | 8 |
| |
| 1825–27 |
| |
| Clapperton led another Niger expedition from the coast to the interior. All members of the party become ill with malaria and dysentery. Richard Lander accompanied the expedition. Clapperton died in Sokoto in 1827. | 9 |
| |
| 1827–28 |
| |
| René Caillié reached Timbuktu from Guinea and proceeded thence to Fez. | 10 |
| |
| 1830–34 |
| |
| Richard and John Lander explored the lower Niger from Bussa to the sea. Richard Lander died along the Niger River. | 11 |
| |
| |
