IV. The Early Modern Period, 1500–1800 > D. South and Southeast Asia, 1500–1800 > 2. Southeast Asia, 1500–1800 > d. Malaysia, 1509–1790 > 1619
  PREVIOUS NEXT  
CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD
  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1619
 
Batavia became the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company, which worked trade to the limit.  1
 
1620s–50s
 
No further shipments of Southeast Asian pepper and spice were permitted along the old Muslim route to the Red Sea, owing to increasing dominance of European traders. Dutch blockade excluded Gujarati ships from Aceh for several years in 1650s, and this led to collapse of direct Acehnese shipping by the 1690s. (Disruption of shipping routes also led to much more difficult pilgrimage routing for Muslims going from Southeast Asia to main pilgrimage sites in Middle East.)  2
 
1623
 
Massacre of the English by the Dutch at Amboina. The English forced to abandon trade in Siam, Japan, and the East Indies.  3
 
1639
 
Expulsion of the Portuguese from Japan.  4
 
1641
 
Capture of Malacca by the Dutch, who thenceforth dominated the East Indies.  5
 
1650s
 
Possible at this point to identify a community of Muslim scholars, working to translate Islamic concepts into vernacular texts. Within 50 years Islamic writing in Malay reached its greatest heights in the work of Hamzah Fansuri, Syamsu'd-din as-Samatrani, Nuru'd-din ar-Raniri, and Abdur-rauf as-Singkili. Javanese Islamic texts date from the same period.  6
 
1666
 
The Dutch took Celebes from the Portuguese.  7
 
1670s
 
Internal contestation in Sumatra, especially around control of trade asserted by Jambi over upstream pepper cultivators in the interior. Complete rupture prevented by prestige of Jambi's ruler, the Pangeran (r. 1630–79).  8
 
1677
 
Conflicts erupted between Jambi and Johor as well as Pelambang, in the process fully rupturing the fragile connections between upriver and downriver economic alliances in Jambi.  9
 
1685
 
The British set up a factory at Bengkulen (Sumatra).  10
During the 18th century the Dutch continued to hold the upper hand. Growing ruthlessness and corruption of the company. In order to control the trade, the company had to widen its control over northern Java.  11
 
1769
 
The British East India Company opened stations in northern Borneo, but the settlements (especially Balambangan, 1773) had to be given up under pressure from the natives (1775).  12
 
1781
 
The British conquered all the Dutch settlements on the west coast of Sumatra, Holland having joined the armed neutrality against Britain.  13
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD
  PREVIOUS NEXT