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| 1848 |
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| Baptists were established at Victoria, Cameroon. | 1 |
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| 1849 |
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| The French founded Libreville, using freed slaves as settlers. | 2 |
| Portuguese refugees from Brazil introduced sugar and cotton to the Mocamedes area. | 3 |
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| 1864 |
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| King Bell of Douala sought protection from Queen Victoria. | 4 |
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| 1850–60 |
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| Ivory trade led to rapid increase in the supply of guns in southern Central Africa. Nyamwezi traders from Tanganyika operated caravans from the coast to the eastern part of the Lunda Empire, trading for copper and ivory. By 1852, Swahili traders pushed the East African trading frontier to Benguela. | 5 |
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| 1852–61 |
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| Friedrich Welwitsch conducted a botanical survey of Angola. | 6 |
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| 1856–57 |
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| Swahili traders reached Katanga. | 7 |
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| 1856–65 |
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| Tippu Tip established a trading state. | 8 |
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| 1856–85 |
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| The Nyamwezi trader Msiri arrived at Kazembe and used firearms to gain political power among the Lamba and the Sanga. By 1869, Msiri had established the kingdom of Garenganze in Katanga, undermining the authority of the Lunda ruler Kazembe. By the 1880s he had established authority over much of the former Lunda Empire. Msiri's conquest state revenues were based on an ivory monopoly, the copper trade, and slavery. By 1880, Msiri's kingdom had reached its greatest extent. | 9 |
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| 1860–70 |
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| Portuguese fishermen and market gardeners began to service whaling fleets at Mocamedes. The town had by this time become a colony of white settlement, marking a new phase of Portuguese intrusion into Angola, though expansion into the southern highlands continued to be heavily resisted. | 10 |
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| 1860–90 |
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| Expansion of the slave trade northward and eastward from the Congo basin. | 11 |
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| 1875 |
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| Slavery and forced labor were abolished in Angola. The new labor regime, however, obligated Africans to provide “free” labor, resulting in a labor-abusive system. | 12 |
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| 1876, Sept. 12 |
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| King Leopold of Belgium, an ardent philanthropist, antislavery advocate, and imperialist, summoned to Brussels an international congress of geographers, explorers, and scientists. The congress led to the founding of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Central Africa. | 13 |
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