VI. The World Wars and the Interwar Period, 1914–1945 > A. Global and Comparative Dimensions > 3. International Relations > b. The Era of the Great Depression > 1932–35
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1932–35
 
The Chaco war between Bolivia and Paraguay broke out despite efforts by the League of Nations and the Pan-American Union to resolve the conflict. Paraguay announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations in 1935, and a truce was finally arranged in 1935 by the U.S. and five South American governments.  1
 
1932, Jan 4
 
Occupation of Shanhaikwan by Japanese troops completed Japanese military control of southern Manchuria.  2
 
Feb. 2–July
 
Meeting of the Disarmament Conference at Geneva, with 60 states represented, including the U.S. and the Soviet Union. France proposed a system of international police and insisted that security must precede disarmament. Germany demanded equality. Various other plans were proposed but none accepted.  3
 
June 16–July 9
 
Lausanne Conference on German reparations. Representatives of Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Italy, and Japan reached an agreement that set aside the German reparation debt and substituted for it 5 percent bonds for Rm. 3 billion to be deposited with the Bank for International Settlements and issued when and if it became possible to market them at an appropriate price. Ratification was contingent upon acceptance by the U.S., the major creditor of the associated powers. The U.S. refused to accept the new plan, which technically meant a return to the Young Plan. In practice, Germany made no payments, and the Nazi government repudiated what it termed “interest slavery.” Britain and France made small token payments to the U.S. until the U.S. Congress ruled against such payments. Only Finland paid the full installments.  4
 
Oct. 4
 
The Lytton Commission of Inquiry of the League of Nations determined that the Japanese occupation of Manchuria was not an act of self-defense and that the creation of an independent Manchukuo under Japanese domination was not a case of genuine self-determination. The report recommended nonrecognition by the League and urged Japanese withdrawal.  5
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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