IV. The Early Modern Period, 1500–1800 > G. Africa, 1500–1800 > 2. Regions > e. West Central Africa > 1650–1800
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1650–1800
 
Loango became one of the most important slave-exporting regions, trading more than 10,000 slaves each year, as a result of new Dutch demand and increased Portuguese demand. Traders and trading officials grew more powerful than nobility.  1
 
1666–78
 
War with Angola and civil war over succession and over central power destroyed Kongo kingdom. Capital was destroyed and political system collapsed into collection of small principalities.  2
 
1700
 
From this time, large matrilineal clans grew up around the newly emerging rural nobles in Kongo.  3
 
1700–1800
 
Angola remained overwhelmingly dependent on the slave trade. Slave trade relied on cooperation between Portuguese, Brazilians, and Africans. By 1800, slave trade yielded 88 percent of the colony's revenue.  4
 
1704–6
 
Social collapse in Kongo led to the emergence of prophetess Dona Beatrice Kimpa Vita preaching an AFRICANIZED CHRISTIANITY called Antonianism (as she claimed to speak for St. Anthony). In 1706 she was burned as a heretic.  5
 
1760
 
Jesuits expelled from Angola and Mozambique.  6
 
1800
 
Lunda Empire emerged from Rund kingdom, having a political organization based on the assumption of the personality of predecessors in office in perpetual kingship. Alliances were maintained through fictions of continuing kin and marriage relationships. The loosely organized empire began to expand toward the south and southeast. Northward and westward expansion had proceeded in conjunction with the Angolan slave trade from 1670s. This enabled nobility to import European cloth and other luxury goods. The state developed bureaucracy to control trade. Growing trade in captured and convicted slaves was placed under royal control.  7
 
1800
 
By this date, Luba and Lunda Empires covered the entire savannah east of the Kwango River with a common cultural system. Lunda militarism and slave raiding led to widescale destruction. (See West Central Africa)  8
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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