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| 1903 |
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| Beginning of agitation in Britain, then in the United States and Germany, against inhumane conditions in the Congo Free State. Edward D. Morel and Sir Roger Casement were active proponents of this popular movement. | 1 |
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| 1903–10 |
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| A railway system was built in the Congo Free State. | 2 |
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| 1905 |
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| Insurrection broke out in the Welle District of the Congo Free State and spread into the French Congo. | 3 |
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| 1906–8 |
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| Congo Reform Association exposed gross and rampant abuses of labor in Congo, leading to the annexation of Congo by Belgium in 1908. | 4 |
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| 1907 |
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| Large-scale insurrection in Angola. | 5 |
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| 1908, Oct. 18 |
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| Belgium formally annexed the Congo Free State. It became the Belgian Congo. | 6 |
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| 1910, Jan. 15 |
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| The French Congo was renamed French Equatorial Africa and was divided into three colonies (Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangui-Shari) under loose confederation similar to that of French West Africa. | 7 |
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| May 2 |
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| Labor tax was abolished in the Belgian Congo as part of an extensive reform program. | 8 |
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