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| V. The Modern Period, 1789–1914 > B. The French Revolution and Europe, 1789–1914 > 6. European Diplomacy, 1848–1914 > 1879, Sept. 4 | ||||
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| CONTENTS · SUBJECT INDEX · BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD |
| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
| 1879, Sept. 4 | |
| Establishment of the Dual Control (Britain and France) in Egypt (See 1879, June 26). This grew out of the heavy investments of Europeans in Egypt and the financial difficulties resulting from the construction of the Suez Canal and many other public works by the khedive Isma‘il. The dual control was first established in Nov. 1876, but had been suspended in Dec. 1878 when the khedive initiated ministerial government and gave the British and French controllers of finance seats in the cabinet. This plan had not worked, because of the policy of the khedive of retaining power. Britain and France thereupon forced the abdication of Isma‘il (June 26, 1879) and the succession of Tewfik, who restored the dual control. | 1 |
| Oct. 7 | |
| ALLIANCE TREATY BETWEEN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, concluded for five years, but regularly renewed. It remained in force until 1918 and was the foundation stone of Bismarck's alliance system. Provisions: If either party was attacked by Russia, the other should come to its assistance with all forces; if either should be attacked by some other power, its partner should preserve at least neutrality; if some other power should be supported by Russia, then each ally was obliged to aid the other. The alliance was the result of a period of tension between Germany and Russia following the Berlin Congress; the Russian nationalists blamed Bismarck for Russia's diplomatic defeat. There was some thought of bringing Britain into the combination; Disraeli was friendly, but the German ambassador, Count Münster, misrepresented the projected alliance as one directed chiefly against France, and Bismarck allowed the matter to drop. The immediate result of the negotiation was the mission of Count Pierre Saburov to Berlin, in the effort to effect a Russian-German alliance or the revival of the Three Emperors' League (Sept.–Oct. 1879). For the moment Bismarck evaded these advances. | 2 |
| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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