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| 1900, July 29 |
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| King Umberto was assassinated by an anarchist at Monza. | 1 |
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| 1900–46 |
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| VICTOR EMMANUEL III. He adopted more liberal policies than those of his father. | 2 |
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| 1900–2 |
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| Workers staged a large number of strikes to protest poor working and living conditions. Parliament recognized workers' right to organize and act within the law. | 3 |
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| 1902, Jan.–Feb |
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| Strike of the employees of the Mediterranean Railway, demanding, among other things, recognition of their union. Gas employees followed with their own strike, and a general strike seemed imminent. The government called up all railway workers who were reservists but reached a settlement in June. | 4 |
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| 1903–14 |
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| POPE PIUS X carried out an extensive reorganization of the Curia in order to modernize its machinery (1908) and began the codification of canon law (1904–June 28, 1917, under Benedict XV). He vehemently opposed the Modernists (including Father George Tyrrell in England, Abbé Loisy in France, and Antonio Fogazzaro in Italy) who sought to bring church doctrine into line with scientific scholarship. | 5 |
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| 1904, Sept |
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| General strike proclaimed, but it had little lasting consequence. Reformism began to take hold of the Italian working-class movement. | 6 |
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| 1906 |
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| The Confederation of Labor, a reformist socialist organization was established. | 7 |
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| May 30–1909, Dec. 2 |
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| Ministry of Giolitti. | 8 |
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