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| e. Central and Northern Greece |
| c. 800 |
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| Chalcis and Eretria, the two largest cities on Euboea, were major powers in the Archaic period, and Euboean coinage, weights, and measures were used throughout the Greek world. | 1 |
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| c. 775 |
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| Chalcis, Eretria, and the Aeolian city of Cyme jointly settled a colony on the island of Pithecusae (Ischia) in the Bay of Naples. | 2 |
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| 757 |
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| These same cities, along with the Pithecusans, established a colony at Cumae on the Italian mainland. | 3 |
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| c. 730 |
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| Eretria settled colonies at Mende in the Chalcidice and at Methone and Dicaea in Macedonia. | 4 |
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| c. 720 |
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| Chalcidian colonists established Rhegium in southern Italy. | 5 |
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| c. 710 |
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| Chalcis colonized Torone in the Chalcidice and subsequently founded some 30 small colonies on the peninsula. | 6 |
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| c. 700–500 |
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| THE TAGEIA OF THESSALY. Before 700, Thessaly was organized into four tetrads, each ruled by a tetrarch. In the 7th century, Aleuas of Larissa organized the Thessalian League and led it as tagos, or general. The tagos was an elected office but generally held by a member of the Aleuadae clan. A federal assembly levied taxes and troops, and until the 6th century the Thessalian League possessed the strongest army in Greece. The League's loose organization, however, prevented Thessaly from playing a leading political role, though it dominated the Amphictyony of Anthela, a religious league which, by 600, included all the city-states of central Greece. | 7 |
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| c. 700 |
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| Chalcis, supported by Corinth, Samos, and Thessaly, fought the Lelantine War against Eretria, Aegina, Miletus, and Megara, over the rich Lelantine plain. Chalcis and its allies were victorious. | 8 |
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| c. 640 |
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| Perdiccas I of the Argead dynasty conquered the Macedonian plain and established a capital at Aegae (Vergina). Macedon was inhabited by a variety of ethnic groups, including Greeks, Illyrians, and Thracians. Whether the Macedonians themselves spoke a dialect of Greek or a separate language is a hotly debated subject. The royal family and the aristocracy, in any case, became increasingly Hellenized. | 9 |
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| c. 590 |
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| THE FIRST SACRED WAR. Crisa, in whose territory Delphi lay, started levying tolls on visitors to the shrine of Apollo. The Amphictyony of Anthela, under Thessaly's leadership, and with help from Sicyon and Athens, declared war. Crisa was defeated and demolished. The Amphictyony took over the administration of Delphi and moved its headquarters there. Athens and the Peloponnesian Dorians were admitted as members. | 10 |
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| c. 550 |
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| THE BOEOTIAN LEAGUE. Thebes formed the Boeotian League and began subordinating the smaller states in the region. After a long struggle, the city of Orchomenos was defeated and forced to join the league. | 11 |
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