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| 1963, July 28 |
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| FERNANDO BELAÚNDE TERRY (b. 1912), elected with great promises of agrarian reform and support for indigenista causes, was inaugurated as president, ending one year of military rule. Land invasions accelerated, moving to occupation of cultivated lands. In response, Belaúnde called upon the army to suppress the peasant movement, killing over 8,000 people and leaving nearly 20,000 homeless. | 1 |
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| 1964, May |
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| AGRARIAN REFORM LAW provided for the distribution of virtually all state lands and church-owned agricultural property among Indian communities and landless tenant farmers. | 2 |
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| 1968, Aug |
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| A compromise was reached with the U.S.-owned International Petroleum Company (IPC). The IPC gave up its claims on the nearly depleted La Brea–Pariñas oil fields in return for new concessions in the Amazon. | 3 |
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| Oct. 3 |
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| Pres. Belaúnde was overthrown by a military coup, following widespread discontent with his economic policies. Congress was dissolved, and a revolutionary government was formed, with GEN. JUAN VELASCO ALVARADO (1910–1977) as president. Schooled in dependency theory, the regime's Plan Inka promised to end the “unjust social and economic order” that had concentrated the national wealth in a few hands. Velasco favored industrialization and channeled funds into this sector rather than into rural development. Popular mobilization was briefly encouraged, but the regime favored control from the top down, paying lip service to popular demands but rarely considering them seriously. Peasant and worker organizations soon opposed the regime. | 4 |
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