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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
Subject Index
 
Page 3
 
 
Akmola
3337. See Astana.
Ak
861.
Akroinon, battle of
431, 501.
Akron
1580.
Akuffo, Frederick, Ghanaian leader
4344.
Akwamu
873.
Alabama
53, 1574, 1580, 1585, 3408, 3411, 3411, 3411, 3411, 3416.
al-Abbas, Muhammad's uncle
291, 292.
Alacaluf people
570.
al-Adil Sayf al-Din, Ayyubid leader
319.
Alagoas
915.
Alai Darwaza style
332.
Alalakh, Syria
113.
Alamán, Lucas, Mexican leader
1687, 1687, 1687.
Alamanni
255, 256, 257, 258, 258, 261, 262, 406, 407, 407, 415.
al-Amin, bey of Tunisia
3940, 3942.
Alamut
302, 304.
Alans
258, 265, 269, 403, 403, 404.
al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem
3774, 3871.
Alara
99.
al-Arabi al-Darqawi, religious leader
1375, 1381.
Alarcón, Fabian, Ecuadorian leader
3572.
Alarcón, Hernando de, Spanish explorer
903, 903.
Alarcón, Juan Ruiz de, Spanish-American playwright
912.
Alarcon, Ricardo, Cuban leader
3726.
Alarcos, battle of
476.
Alaric, Visigoth leader
265, 265, 265, 265, 403, 403, 403, 403, 403, 403.
Alaric II, Visigoth king
260, 406.
Alashehir
2321.
Alashiya, Cyprus
113.
al-Ashraf Barsbay, Mamluk leader
320.
al-Ashraf Kansawh al-Ghawri, Mamluk leader
320.
Alaska, U.S. state
18, 18, 28, 28, 28, 28, 33, 33, 954, 955, 2530, 2531, 2600, 3404, 3425; Russian settlements, 1256; purchase by U.S., 1259, 1593; boundary dispute, 1613, 1639; North Slope, 3417.
Ala-ud-din, ruler of India
332, 332, 332.
Alauddin Riayat Syah, sultan
837.
Alaungpaya, king of Burma
846, 1402.
Alawi dynasty
823, 824, 824, 1376, 2371, 3840, 3841, 3841, 3842, 3843; law codes, 3839.
al-Azhar Mosque
317.
al-Azhar University, Egypt
3910.
Alba
See Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, duke of, Spanish commander.
Alba, Luis, Ecuadorian leader
2264.
Alba Julia
1779, 2179.
Albani, Gian Francesco
See Clement XI, pope.
Albania
310, 312, 312, 312, 313, 314, 315, 441, 497, 538, 538, 562, 562, 563, 563, 564, 565, 566, 803, 810, 1106, 1108, 1110, 1137, 1137, 1137, 1138, 1138, 1139, 1139, 1139, 1283, 1325, 1325, 1325, 1325, 1325, 1325, 1326, 1326, 1326, 1326, 1326, 1326, 1326, 1328, 1366, 1727, 1817, 1837, 1853, 1948, 1957, 2130, 2136, 2136, 2136, 2137, 2137, 2137, 2139, 2140, 2143, 2637, 2638, 2640, 2649, 2719, 2722, 2722, 2729, 2750, 3166, 3180, 3181, 3198, 3204, 3208, 3209, 3250, 3273, 3275, 3279, 3370; revolt in, 1348; WWI, 1745, 1746, 1797, 2136; WWII, 1814, 2143, 2590, 2590; between Wars, 1822; and Italy, 1943, 2138, 2139, 2141, 2141, 2141, 2141, 2142, 2157; and Kosovo, 2142; liberation, 2143; post-WWII, 3198; People's Republic of Albania, 3198; Communist, 3198, 3199, 3199, 3199, 3199, 3200, 3200, 3200, 3200, 3201, 3202, 3202, 3202, 3202, 3202, 3202; Socialist People's Republic of Albania, 3202; liberalization, 3202, 3203, 3203, 3203, 3203, 3203, 3204, 3204, 3206, 3206, 3206, 3206.
Albanian Cultural Association
1325.
Albanian League
1110.
Albanian National Liberation Army
2143.
Albanians
2754, 2756, 3174, 3175, 3180, 3181, 3182, 3206.
Albania Party of Labor
3199, 3204.
Alban Lake
255.
Albany, Australia
1488, 1489.
Albany, New York
932, 932, 935, 935, 989.
Albany Convention
940.
Albatross, German plane
1766.
Albazin
852.
Alberdi, Juan Bautista, Latin American leader
1659.
Alberic II, pope
465.
Alberoni, Giulio, cardinal
659, 723.
Albert, archduke of Austria
1216.
Albert, bishop of Livonia
489.
Albert, France
1738.
Albert, French worker
1081.
Albert I, king of Belgium
1171, 1738, 1781, 1882, 1882, 1882, 1886.
Albert (Albrecht) I, Holy Roman emperor
540.
Albert II, Holy Roman emperor
541, 542, 544, 544, 560, 561.
Albert II, king of Belgium
2824.
Alberta, Canada
1639, 2226, 2227, 2231.
Alberti, Leon Batista, architect
532, 536, 643.
Alberti family
534.
Albert of Austria
550.
Albert of Habsburg
See Albert II, Holy Roman emperor.
Albert of Mecklenburg, king of Sweden
552.
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, prince consort of Victoria of England
1049, 1050, 1155.
Albert the Bear
456, 456, 456, 460, 486.
Albertus Magnus, theologian
452.
Alberuni, scientist
325.
Albigensian Crusade
450, 451, 469, 479, 507.
Albigensians
450, 469, 469, 479, 505, 507.
Albinus, Decimus Clodius, Roman general and rival emperor
255, 255.
Albizzi, Maso degli, Florentine leader
534.
Albornoz, Claudio Sánchez, writer
2895.
Albornoz, Gil Álvarez Carillo de, cardinal
530.
Alborz Mountains
302.
Albrecht
See Albert (Albrecht) I, Holy Roman emperor.
Albrecht (Hohenzollern) of Brandenburg, cardinal
550.
Albright, Madeline K., U.S. leader
3435.
Albuquerque, Afonso de, Portuguese commander
281, 376, 605, 840.
Alcaçovas, treaty of
281.
Alcaeus, Greek poet
176.
Alcántara, battle of
605.
Alcatraz
3418, 3424.
Alcazar, Seville
479, 1929.
Alcazar-Qivir
See battle of _Al Kasr al-Kabir.
alchemy
156.
Alcibiades, Athenian general
197, 197, 198, 198, 198, 198, 198.
Alcmaeonids
180, 180, 181, 187, 187, 189.
Alcman, Greek poet
176.
Alcock, John W., aviation pioneer
991.
Alcuin, scholar
411, 411, 422.
Aldan River
28.
al-Da`wa al-Islamiyya, Iraq
3883.
Aldermaston, England
2769.
al-Dhahabi
See Ahmad al-Mansur, ruler of Morocco.
Aldobrandini, Ippolito
See Clement VIII, pope.
Aldrich-Vreeland Act, U.S.
1620.
Aldrin, Edwin “Buzz”, Jr., astronaut
2666, 3417.
Alea, Tomás Gutiérrez, film director
3465.
Aleijadinho
See Lisboa, Antônio Francisco, Brazilian artist.
Aleixandre, Vicent, poet
2896.
Alem, Leandro N., Latin American leader
1660, 1660.
Alemán, Mateo, Spanish writer
604.
Alemán, Miguel, Mexican leader
3701, 3701, 3701.
Alemán Lacayo, José Arnoldo, Nicaraguan leader
3684.
Alencar, José de, writer
1657.
Alençon
523.
Aleppo
100, 103, 113, 113, 297, 301, 302, 317, 317, 317, 317, 318, 318, 318, 319, 319, 319, 320, 320, 437, 438, 505, 792, 799, 803, 805, 806, 809, 810, 811, 813, 1328, 1328, 1332, 1333, 1347, 1750, 1751, 1753, 2371, 2371, 2371, 3839, 3840, 3842, 3843.
Alessandri, Arturo, Chilean leader
2245, 2245, 2245, 2245, 2246, 2246, 2246, 2247.
Alessandri, Jorge, Chilean leader
3509, 3511.
Alessandria
469, 469.
Aleuadae clan
182.
Aleuas of Larissa
182.
Aleutian Islands
2531, 2627.
Alevi
See Shi'ism.
Alexander, bishop of Rome
268.
Alexander, governor of the Peloponnesus
210.
Alexander, tyrant of Pherae
202, 202, 208.
Alexander I, king of Greece
1759, 2144, 2144.
Alexander I, king of Poland
632.
Alexander I, king of Serbia and of Yugoslavia
1779, 2028, 2127, 2129, 2131, 2134, 2134.
Alexander I, tsar of Russia
632, 766, 767, 790, 1025, 1025, 1029, 1032, 1033, 1079, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1256, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1267, 1267, 1272, 1272, 1272, 1354.
Alexander I Karageorgevich, regent and later king of Serbia
1295.
Alexander I of Battenberg, prince of Bulgaria
1300, 1300, 1301, 1301, 1301, 1301, 1302, 1302.
Alexander I of Epirus
206.
Alexander II, Byzantine emperor
436.
Alexander II, pope
444, 467, 505.
Alexander II, tsar of Russia
1104, 1105, 1110, 1254, 1254, 1254, 1255, 1255, 1256, 1259, 1259, 1259, 1260, 1268; assassination of, 1260.
Alexander III, king of Scotland
447, 447.
Alexander III, pope
450, 469, 469, 469, 471, 476.
Alexander III, tsar of Russia
1256, 1260, 1261.
Alexander III, the Great
48, 70, 70, 70, 73, 77, 81, 88, 95, 105, 109, 115, 119, 124, 127, 129, 129, 186, 191, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 206, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 207, 208, 208, 209, 217, 312.
Alexander IV, king of Macedonia
209.
Alexander IV, pope
459.
Alexander V, king of Macedonia
209, 209.
Alexander V, pope
531.
Alexander VI, pope
533, 536, 572, 597, 607, 609, 910.
Alexander VII, pope
622, 736.
Alexander VIII, pope
736.
Alexander, Harold
3443, 3445.
Alexander, Tiberius Julius, prefect of Egypt
251.
Alexander Balas, king of Syria
214, 218.
Alexander Jannaeus, Hasmonean leader
214.
Alexander Karageorgevich, prince of Serbia
1285, 1285, 1285, 1288.
Alexander Nevski, Russian prince
489, 489, 490, 490, 490, 558.
Alexander Obrenovich, king of Serbia
1291, 1291, 1291, 1291, 1292.
Alexander Severus, Roman emperor
255, 255, 256, 256, 257, 257, 272.
Alexander the Great
See Alexander III (the Great), king of Macedonia.
Alexander Zabinas, pretender to the Pergamum throne
215.
Alexandra of Hesse-Darmstadt, tsarina of Russia
2062, 2067.
Alexandra Palace
1850.
Alexandretta
474, 969, 1728, 1750, 2376, 2376, 2377. See Hatay, republic of.
Alexandria, Egypt
206, 208, 208, 208, 218, 218, 219, 241, 242, 245, 260, 275, 287, 295, 401, 429, 430, 810, 962, 1010, 1010, 1162, 1327, 1331, 1332, 1366, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1372, 1372, 1372, 2353, 2614, 3906, 3913; University of, 2368.
Alexandria, Virginia
940.
Alexandria Protocol
2369.
Alexandrov, Todor, Macedonian leader
2163.
Alexinatz, battle of
1106.
Alexis, Greek playwright
208.
Alexis, son of Peter the Great
784, 785, 786.
Alexis I Mikhailovich, tsar of Russia
783, 783, 783, 783, 784, 784.
Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
500, 500, 500, 500, 501, 501, 501, 501, 501.
Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor
503, 503, 564.
Alexius III Angelus, Byzantine emperor
503, 503, 508.
Alexius IV Angelus, Byzantine emperor
504, 504, 507.
Alexius V Dukas, Byzantine emperor
504, 507.
Alexius of Trebizond
506, 508, 508, 508.
al-Farazdaq, Tammam ibn Ghalib
291.
Alfaro, Eloy, Latin American leader
1671, 1671, 1671.
Alfarrobeira, battle of
529.
al-Fatah
3778; PLO, 3772.
Alfieri, Vittorio, Italian playwright
735.
Alfinger, Ambrosio, colonial administrator
897.
Alfonsín, Raúl, Argentine leader
3495, 3496, 3496, 3497, 3497, 3498, 3499.
Alfonsine Tables
476.
Alfonso I, BaKongo king
869, 885, 885.
Alfonso I, king of Leon and Asturias
420.
Alfonso I, the Warrior
478, 479.
Alfonso II, king of Aragon
479.
Alfonso II, king of Leon and Asturias
419, 420.
Alfonso II, king of Naples
607.
Alfonso III, king of Aragon
479, 526.
Alfonso IV, king of Aragon
526.
Alfonso V, the Magnanimous
526, 533, 533.
Alfonso VI, king of Castile
475, 475, 476, 476, 476, 476, 480.
Alfonso VII, king of Castile
476.
Alfonso VIII, king of Castile
475, 476, 476.
Alfonso X, the Learned
459, 476, 476, 525, 525.
Alfonso XI, king of Castile
525.
Alfonso XII, king of Spain
1203, 1203, 1204.
Alfonso XIII, king of Spain
1204, 1921, 1922, 1925, 1925, 1925.
Alfonso of Calabria
536.
Alfonso the Wise
See Alfonso X (the Learned), king of Castile.
Alfred, English prince
1278.
Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building
3433.
Alfred the Great, king of England
422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 422, 424.
Algeciras
475, 476, 2923; conferences, 976, 1130, 1378, 1615; act of, 1130, 1135.
Algeria
293, 293, 321, 321, 321, 321, 322, 322, 322, 323, 323, 323, 323, 475, 475, 822, 826, 826, 826, 826, 826, 827, 827, 828, 828, 828, 828, 828, 829, 829, 953, 1060, 1130, 1329, 1375, 1375, 1376, 1377, 1378, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1382, 1382, 1382, 1383, 1383, 1383, 1383, 1383, 1383, 1384, 1386, 1390, 1392, 1562, 2423, 2639, 2644, 2644, 2668, 2847, 2849, 2850, 2850, 2851, 2852, 2852, 2852, 2853, 2853, 2853, 2883, 3769, 3771, 3772, 3786, 3920, 3925, 3926, 3927, 3928, 3928, 3928, 3929, 3929, 3931, 3933, 3933, 3937, 3937, 3937, 3937, 3938, 3938, 3939, 3939, 3939, 3942, 4324, 4453; and Morocco, 1375, 1376; and Ottoman Empire, 1381; and Tunisia, 1381; Barbary Wars, 1381; and France, 1381, 2423, 2423, 2423, 2424, 2424, 2636, 3925, 3925, 3925, 3925, 3925, 3926, 3926, 3927, 3927, 3928, 3928, 3928, 3929, 3929, 3929, 3929, 3933, 3933; annexation to France, 1382; discriminatory French laws, 1383, 1383; war with Tunisia, 1385; WWI, 2423; WWII, 2614, 2615; War for Independence, 3768, 3925; makeup, 3925; loss in war, 3925; provisional government, 3927; independence, 3929, 3929; Arabization program, 3933.
Algerian Statute
3925, 3925.
al-Ghazali, theologian
283, 300.
Algidus Pass
226.
Algiers, Battle of
823, 826, 826, 826, 826, 826, 826, 827, 827, 827, 827, 828, 828, 829, 1060, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1381, 1383, 1384, 1511, 1919, 2423, 2614, 2615, 2617, 2661, 2670, 2853, 2905, 3775, 3925, 3927, 3928, 3934; relations with Europe, 827; treaty with Great Britain, 828; surrender to the French, 1329; occupation by France, 1381; Arab Summit Conference, 3774; Battle of, 3926.
Algiers Committee of Public Safety
3927.
Algiers Toast
1195.
Algirdas
557, 557, 558.
Algonquin Indians
920, 940.
al-Haddad, Algerian sheik
1383.
al-Hadi, Abbasid caliph
293.
al-Hajjaj, governor of Iraq
290, 290.
Alhajji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Nigerian leader
4324.
Alhajji Muhammad Sanusi, emir of Kano
4324.
Al-Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni, mufti of Jerusalem
2387.
Al-Hakam, emir
419.
Al-Hakam al Mustansir, caliph
419.
al-Hakim, Fatimid leader
317.
Alhambra, Granada
475, 479.
al-Hasan, ruler of Tunis
826.
al-Hasan al-Basri, mystic
290.
al-Hudayda, Yemen
2408, 2411.
Ali, pasha of Janina
1273, 1328.
Ali, son of Husayn, king of the Hijaz
2410.
Ali III Bey, ruler of Tunisia
1390, 1390.
Ali, Mohammed, Indian leader
2432, 2434, 2434, 2435.
Ali, Mohammed, Pakistani leader
3991, 3993.
Alia, Ramiz, Albanian leader
3202, 3203, 3203, 3205, 3206.
Ali Abd al-Raziq, sheik, writer
2356.
Ali al-Ash’ari, theologian
298.
Ali al-Balhawan, Tunisian leader
2427.
Darwish, Ali al-, musicologist
3839.
Ali al-Mansur, imam of Yemen
820, 1358, 1359, 1359.
Ali al-Mawardi, jurist and writer
301.
Ali al-Rida, Shi’ite imam
294, 813.
Ali al-Shadhili, Sufi leader
322.
Aliança Renovadora Nacional, ARENA
3614.
Ali Bey, ruler of Tunis
828, 828.
Ali Bey al-Kabir, Mamluk ruler of Egypt
808, 808, 957.
Ali brothers, Indian Muslim leaders
2434, 2434, 2435.
Alibux, Errol, Surinamese leader
3632.
al-Idrisi, geographer
362.
Alien Act, Canada
1623.
Alien Act, England
691.
Alien Act, U.S.
1565.
Alien Enemies Act, U.S.
1565.
Alien Land Law, U.S.
2195.
Ali Ghadjideni, Al Gaji
354.
Ali ibn Abi Talib, fourth caliph
288, 288, 288, 288, 288, 288, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 293, 296, 300.
Ali ibn al-Athir, historian
303.
Ali ibn Buya, Buyid leader
298, 298.
Ali ibn Dunama, Borno leader
871.
Ali ibn Ghadhahim, Tunisian leader
1390.
Ali ibn Hirzihim, Sufi leader
322.
Ali ibn Mazyad, Mazyadid leader
300.
Ali Khan, Liaqat, Pakistani leader
3957.
Ali Kosh, prehistoric settlement
36.
Alimentus, Lucius, Roman historian
229.
Ali Mughayat Syah, sultan of Malaya
839, 839.
Ali Mumtaz al-Daftari, Iraqi leader
2400.
Ali Pasha, governor of Aleppo
809.
Ali Pasha, ruler of Tunisia
828.
Ali Pasha, Turkish leader
1331.
Ali Pasha Janbulat, Syrian rebel
799.
Ali Pasha Mubarak, Egyptian reformer
1373.
Ali Pasha of Janina, ruler of Albania
810.
Ali Pasha Qaramanli, Libyan leader
1392, 1392.
Ali Rida Pasha, governor of Libya
1393.
Ali Riza, Ottoman leader
2321.
Baidh, Ali Salem al-, Yemenite leader
3895.
Ali Shari`ati, writer
3819.
Ali Suavi, leader of Young Ottomans
1336.
Ali Ufki, compiler of Middle Eastern music
806.
Aliyahs, Jewish immigration
1346.
Aliyev, Geidar, Azerbaijani leader
3313, 3313, 3314, 3314.
Aliyev, Ilham, Azerbaijani leader
3314.
Ali Yusuf, Egyptian leader
1374.
al-Jadid Mosque, Mosque of the Fishery
827.
al-Jama 'a al-Islamiya, Egypt
3916.
al-Jazuli, founder of Sufism
822.
Aljubarrota, battle of
528.
al-Kamil Muhammad, Ayyubid leader
319.
Al Kasr al-Kabir" ID="A000029, battle of
605.
al-Khalifa dynasty
820.
al-Khayzuran, wife of al-Mahdi
293.
Al-Khwarizmi, Arab scholar
444.
All-African Convention
2579.
Allahabad High Court
3973.
Allan, Hugh, Canadian industrialist
1630.
Allectus, rebel in Britain
261, 261.
Allemane, Jean, French socialist
1191, 1195.
Allen, Ethan, American commander
946.
Allenby, Edmund H.
507, 1752, 1801, 2352.
Allende, Isabel, writer
3514.
Allende Gossens, Salvador, Chilean leader
3509, 3510, 3511, 3511, 3511, 3511, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3521; coup, 3513.
Allenstein, Germany
1974.
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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