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| 1242 |
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| Alexander defeated the Teutonic Knights in a battle on Lake Peipus. | 1 |
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| 1252 |
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| As prince of Vladimir, Alexander Nevski did his utmost to prevent insurrections against Tatar rule and built up a system of protection based on submission and conciliation. | 2 |
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| 1253 |
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| Daniel of Volynia attempted to organize a crusade against the Tatars. To secure papal aid, he accepted the union of the Russian Church with Rome, but his efforts came to nothing. | 3 |
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| 1263 |
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| Death of Alexander Nevski on his way back from the Golden Horde. | 4 |
| Russian culture in this period was under strong Byzantine and Bulgarian influence. Noteworthy churches were built at Kiev, Novgorod, and Cernigov in the 11th and 12th centuries, decorated with fine frescoes. Church literature was voluminous, and, further, there appeared the first chronicles and epics of struggles against the nomads. (See Russia) | 5 |
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