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| 1965, Oct. 27 |
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| PRES. CASTELO BRANCO ASSUMED DICTATORIAL POWERS with Institutional Act No. 1, abolishing political parties, packing the Supreme Court, suspending constitutional rights, and suppressing opposition. Henceforth, popular election of the president was to be replaced by a majority vote in Congress. | 1 |
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| 1966, Oct. 3 |
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| Marshal Arthur da Costa e Silva, former minister of war, was elected president by the Congress. | 2 |
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| Nov. 15 |
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| In general elections, the government-sponsored Aliança Renovadora Nacional (ARENA) won a resounding victory and was transformed into a political party. Only one opposition party, the Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB), was permitted. | 3 |
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