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| 1959, Jan. 27–Feb. 5 |
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| The 21st Party Congress in Moscow adopted a new seven-year economic plan. | 1 |
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| Feb. 21–March 3 |
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| British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan visited Russia. | 2 |
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| June 6 |
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| Khrushchev stated that unless the Western powers agreed to a nuclear-free zone in the Balkans, Soviet rocket bases would be set up in Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania. | 3 |
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| July 24 |
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| United States vice president Richard Nixon opened the American national exhibition in Moscow, engaging in an informal debate with Khrushchev. | 4 |
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| Sept. 13 |
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| Russia launched the first man-made object to land on the moon, Lunik II. | 5 |
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| Sept. 15–27 |
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| Khrushchev visited the United States (See Sept. 15–27). | 6 |
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