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| 1892–1914 |
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| ABBAS HILMI II. Tawfiq's son resented British control, but his early attempts to resist Cromer and assert himself were so sternly rebuffed that he made no further open attack on Cromer. He turned instead to seeking the support of Istanbul, Europe, and Egyptian nationalists in his persistent opposition to British rule. | 1 |
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| 1893 |
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| Death of Ali Pasha Mubarak (b. 1824), a reform-minded administrator who worked to modernize Egypt's educational system as well as its public works. His monumental topographical encyclopedia of Egypt, al-Khitat al-tawfiqiyya al-jadida, is a treasury of information. | 2 |
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| 1895, Nov. 21 |
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| The Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the Suppression of Slavery and the Slave Trade was signed in Cairo. This measure, along with the growth in the Egyptian free labor force and increasing opposition to slavery among the educated elite, brought an end to slavery by 1914. | 3 |
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| 1896–98 |
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| Reconquest of the Sudan was undertaken on British initiative primarily to forestall French designs. The mahdist state was destroyed and a new administration set up, controlled and staffed at the higher levels by British officials. Although the Anglo-Egyptian condominium agreement (Jan. 19, 1899) provided for a joint government, Egypt actually had no real voice in the affairs of the Sudan. | 4 |
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| 1899 |
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| Qasim Amin (1865–1908), considered the father of feminism in Egypt, published his book The Liberation of the Woman, which called for women's education and their right to work. The work aroused sharp criticism from conservatives, leading Amin to challenge traditional views more forcefully in a second book, The New Woman (1900). | 5 |
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| 1902 |
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| Opening of the Aswan Dam in Upper Egypt, which made it possible to hold up a substantial portion of the Nile's autumn flood and convert much land from basin to perennial irrigation. The dam and a barrage at Asyut, also completed in 1902, permitted the extension of cotton cultivation to Middle and Upper Egypt. | 6 |
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| 1903 |
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| A stock exchange was established in Cairo, following a decade of unprecedented upsurge in investment, primarily in companies involved in business connected with agricultural land and urban real estate. | 7 |
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| 1904 |
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| Beginning of commercial recording. The industry, which was dominated initially by foreign companies, soon produced hundreds of recordings by local musicians that sold in Egypt and the surrounding regions. | 8 |
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| April 8 |
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| Anglo-French entente cordiale. After years of opposition France recognized the special position of Britain in Egypt. | 9 |
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