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| 1898, Jan |
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| Anti-Jewish riots by colonists resentful of Jewish commercial success resulted in destruction and looting in urban centers. A number of European anti-Jewish organizations had been established by 1895. | 1 |
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| c. 1903 |
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| Foundation of the Young Algerians, a group of Muslims exposed to French culture (evolués) who promoted a program of assimilation. | 2 |
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| 1905 |
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| French education law introduced. It allowed for minimal religious instruction in either local Qur'anic primary schools or at Sufi lodges. The number of Islamic instructors fell at all levels, and knowledge of classical Arabic declined. | 3 |
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| 1907 |
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| Death of Si Muhand, a poet of the Berber tribe of Kabyle. Most of his works were oral, but were later collected and published in French translation. | 4 |
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| 1912 |
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| The reform platform of the Young Algerians called for the abolition of the native code, equity in matters of taxation, and automatic French citizenship for conscripts with honorable discharges. The Young Algerians believed that if Muslims were forced to serve in the French army, they would gain increased political rights. Their strategy proved flawed. | 5 |
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| 1913 |
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| Publication of al-Faruq, the first weekly Arabic-language journal in Algiers. It advocated Islamic reform in matters of education and economy. | 6 |
| The French Parliament ended restrictions imposed on Islamic religious celebration, pilgrimage, and education. Students continued to pursue traditional Islamic studies at the advanced level at colleges in Fez, Tunis, and Cairo. | 7 |
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| 1914 |
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| The European population in Algeria reached 700,000, with much of the growth occurring from the 1880s, when land became increasingly available to settlers. More than half of these Europeans were born in Algeria and formed a group (calling itself the pieds noirs) with a conservative and racist outlook. The Muslim population numbered about 4.7 million, of whom only 8 percent lived in urban centers. The Muslim and settler communities were highly polarized, with great differences in opportunities and circumstances making a meaningful fusion of the two impossible. (See Algeria) | 8 |
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