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| 1873–74 |
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| The FIRST SPANISH REPUBLIC was proclaimed (Feb. 12) by the radical majority in the Cortes. An elected constituent Cortes was established (May 10). The Carlists (See 1834–39) rose. Don Carlos attempted an invasion that failed but encouraged the government to seek to restore order. | 1 |
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| 1874, Jan. 2 |
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| Emilio Castelar was made head of the government in the midst of the Carlist War, but he retired; a military coup established Marshal Serrano as head of a provisional government. | 2 |
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| Nov. 24 |
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| Alfonso, son of Isabella, came of age and declared for a constitutional monarchy, supported by Liberal Unionists and Moderates. | 3 |
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| Dec. 29–31 |
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| A group of generals rallied to Alfonso. | 4 |
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