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| 1831 |
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| Jean Laborde established the first ironworks in Madagascar. | 1 |
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| 1845 |
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| Ranavalona declared all foreigners subject to local laws. Christians were massacred by Hovas. Merina defeated the Anglo-French force at Tamatave, leading to renewed isolation. | 2 |
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| 1848 |
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| Vicariate apostolic of Madagascar was established. | 3 |
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| 1861, Aug. 18 |
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| Queen Ranavalona died, succeeded by King Radama II. | 4 |
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| 1883–85 |
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| First Franco-Merina war. The treaty ending the war was interpreted by the French (but not the Malagasy) as a declaration of a French protectorate. | 5 |
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| 1894–95 |
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| France occupied Tamatave in 1884. By 1895, France had conquered Madagascar. | 6 |
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| 1896 |
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| Rainilaiarivny, prime minister of Madagascar, was deported to Algeria. Rebellion throughout the island erupted shortly afterward and lasted until 1900. | 7 |
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| 1897, Aug |
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| France annexed Madagascar. Gen. Gallieni was named resident general. On Sept. 27, slavery was abolished. | 8 |
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| 1905 |
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| The French conquest and economic opportunities for mining, timber extraction, and other exports led to rapid European immigration. By this date, 16,500 immigrants had arrived, half of whom were French. (See Madagascar) | 9 |
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