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| 1837 |
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| Brief hostilities with Peru-Bolivian Confederation. | 1 |
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| 1838 |
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| The French blockaded Buenos Aires port. Members of the Generation of 1837, a group of young intellectuals, conspired against Rosas, established an alliance with Uruguayan caudillo Fructuoso Rivera, and obtained French support. Rosas signed a treaty with Britain to abolish the slave trade, ensuring his government British support. | 2 |
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| 1839–40 |
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| Rosas suppressed a rebellion in the littoral region and rising dissent in Buenos Aires. | 3 |
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| 1841 |
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| Peace with France. Rosas attempted to negotiate the Falklands (Malvinas) question, offering them as payment for the foreign debt. | 4 |
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| 1844 |
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| The introduction of barbed wire fencing consolidated private claims to land in the countryside. Development of wool exports created a more diversified economy. | 5 |
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| 1845–50 |
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| The British navy blockaded Buenos Aires to pressure Rosas to open rivers to foreign navigation. The blockade ended with a negotiated settlement. | 6 |
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| 1851 |
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| Justo José Urquiza (1801–70), caudillo of Entre Ríos, withdrew his support from Rosas. The littoral provinces declared war against Rosas. | 7 |
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| 1852, Feb. 2 |
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| The allied army defeated Rosas at Monte Caseros. Pact of San Nicolás made Urquiza provisional director of the Argentine Confederation. Liberals in the city of Buenos Aires, led by Bartolomé Mitre (1821–1906), rejected the pact and seceded. National capital was moved to Paraná for eight years. | 8 |
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| 1853 |
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| Urquiza became chief executive, and a federal constitution, to which Buenos Aires refused to adhere, was promulgated (May 1). It extended male suffrage and emancipated slaves. The writings of Juan Bautista Alberdi, member of the liberal Generation of 1837, were a major inspiration for the constitution. | 9 |
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| 1859 |
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| War between the provinces and Buenos Aires, which was defeated (Oct. 22) and agreed to union with the federation. | 10 |
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| 1860–61 |
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| Mitre promoted riots against Urquiza in the interior. Urquiza retired after the indecisive Battle at Pavón (Sept. 17, 1861). Mitre assumed the presidency. Constitution of 1853 was amended to allow the government to intervene in the provinces. | 11 |
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| 1862 |
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| Mitre became head of the national government (Aug. 27); he established a national judiciary, treasury, and customs. The British began financing railroads. | 12 |
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