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| 2. Exploration and Settlement, 1500–1719 |
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| EARLY SETTLEMENTS ON THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA (MAP) |
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| a. The French in North America |
| 1508 |
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| Fishing expedition of Thomas Aubert of Dieppe resulted in first recorded case of Amerindian taken to France for official display. | 1 |
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| 1524 |
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| Giovanni de Verrazano, sent out by Francis I, probably explored the coast from Cape Fear to Newfoundland. | 2 |
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| 1534–41 |
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| Voyages of Jacques Cartier. On the first voyage he sighted the Labrador coast, passed through the Straits of Belle Isle, and explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He returned to France with Taignoagny and Domagaya, the sons of Donnacona, the chief or “lord of Canada.” With Taignoagny and Domagaya serving as guides, on his second trip (1535–36) Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence, stopped at the site of Quebec, and proceeded to the La Chine Rapids and the site of Montreal. Several members of this voyage contracted scurvy and died, but others recovered when they took an Indian cure for the disease. On the third trip (1541), unsuccessful attempts were made to establish a settlement at Quebec, and therewith the French efforts to colonize the St. Lawrence Valley came to an end until the 17th century. | 3 |
| In the southeast and the southwest, the presence of the Spaniards hampered the activities of the French. | 4 |
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| 1542 |
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| Cartier departed for France and left Roberval in charge. Most of the 200 members of his party were released convicts, primarily men, from the French jail. | 5 |
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| 1562 |
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| Admiral Coligny, as part of his plan to attack Spain, sent Jean Ribaut to establish a colony in Florida. A colony on Port Royal Sound failed, but in 1564 Ribaut and Rene de Laudonniere established Fort Caroline on St. John's River. | 6 |
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| 1598 |
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| Marquis de La Roche attempted to found a colony on Sable Island. The survivors were rescued five years later. | 7 |
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| 1600 |
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| Pontgrave, Chauvin, and De Monts, with a grant of the fur-trade monopoly, made another unsuccessful attempt to colonize, this time at Tadoussac on the lower St. Lawrence. | 8 |
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| 1603 |
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| Pontgrave, accompanied by Samuel de Champlain, explored the St. Lawrence as far as La Chine Rapids. Champlain also explored the Acadian coast. Champlain followed the New England coast as far as Cape Cod and returned to France in 1607. | 9 |
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| 1608, July 3 |
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| Champlain, acting as lieutenant for De Monts, founded the settlement of Quebec. In the following year, accompanied by a party of Algonquin and Huron Indians, he ascended the Richelieu River to the lake that now bears his name. | 10 |
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| 1610 |
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| Poutrincourt reestablished Port Royal. | 11 |
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