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The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.

Table of Contents

Page 2

II. Ancient and Classical Periods, 3500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.

A. Global and Comparative Dimensions

1. Origins of Civilizations, 4000–2000 B.C.E.

a. Emergence of First Civilizations

b. Later Primary Civilizations

c. Early, Complex Nonurban Societies

d. Comparisons

2. The Growth of Civilizations, 2000–300 B.C.E.

a. The Creation of Regionally Unified Societies

b. Civilizations and Nonurban Societies

c. The Axial Period

3. Classical Civilizations, 300 B.C.E.–500 C.E.

a. The Middle East

b. The Mediterranean Basin

c. Chinese Imperial Unity

d. Indian Empires

e. Expansion of the Ecumene

4. The Spread of Religions, 300 B.C.E.–500 C.E.

a. The Spread of Hellenism

b. Buddhism

c. Hinduism

d. The Expansion of Christianity

B. Kingdoms of Western Asia and Africa, to 323 B.C.E.

1. Periodization

2. Mesopotamia, c. 3500–539 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. The Sumerians and the Akkadians

d. The Amorite Kingdoms

e. The Kassites, the Hurrians, and the Arameans

f. The Neo-Assyrians and the Neo-Babylonians

3. Egypt, c. 3500–332 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. The Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (1st–11th Dynasties)

d. The Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period (11th–17th Dynasties)

e. The New Kingdom and the Third Intermediate Period (18th–24th Dynasties)

f. The Late Dynastic Period (25th–31st Dynasties)

4. East Africa, c. 2000–332 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. Kush and Punt

d. The Kingdoms of Napata and Meroë

5. Syria-Palestine, c. 3500–323 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. Ebla and Mari

d. The Land of Canaan

e. Israel and Judah

f. The Land of Aram (Syria)

6. Phoenicia, Carthage, and the Phoenician Colonies, c. 1200–322 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. Phoenicia

d. Carthage and the Western Phoenician Colonies

7. Asia Minor, c. 3000–333 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. The Hattians and the Hittites

d. The Phrygians and the Lydians

e. Persian Asia Minor

8. Armenia, c. 1300–331 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. Urartu (Van)

d. Armenia

9. Iran, c. 2700–330 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. The Elamites

d. The Medes and the Persians

e. The Persian Empire

10. Arabia, c. 850–332 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

c. Northern Arabia

d. Southern Arabia

C. Early Civilizations and Classical Empires of South and East Asia

1. South Asia, to 72 B.C.E.

2. South Asia, 72 B.C.E.–500 C.E.

a. North India: Punjab and the Gangetic Plain

b. The Deccan

c. South India

d. Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

3. Southeast Asia, c. 500 B.C.E.–500 C.E.

a. Funan

b. Champa

c. Burma (Pagan)

4. China, to 221 B.C.E.

a. Schools of Classical Chinese Thought

5. China, 221 B.C.E.–589 C.E.

6. Korea, to 540 C.E.

7. Japan, to 527 C.E.

a. Geography

b. Ethnology

c. Religion

d. Early Civilization

e. Japanese Historical Mythology

D. Classical Greece and the Hellenistic World

1. The Bronze Age, 3000–1200 B.C.E.

a. Geography

b. The Minoan Civilization

c. Mainland Greece: The Early and Middle Helladic Periods

d. The Late Helladic Period: The Mycenaean Age

e. The Greeks in Asia Minor

2. The Dark Ages, 1200–800 B.C.E.

a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

b. The Dorian Invasion

c. The Aeolian and Ionian Migrations and the Greek Renaissance

3. The Archaic Period, 800–510 B.C.E.

a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

b. Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands

c. Sparta and the Peloponnese

d. Athens

e. Central and Northern Greece

f. Sicily and Magna Graecia

4. The Classical Age, 510–323 B.C.E.

a. Economy, Technology, Society, and Culture

b. The Rise of Athenian Democracy and the Persian Wars

c. The Rise of the Athenian Empire

d. The First Peloponnesian War

e. The Second (Great) Peloponnesian War

f. The Spartan Hegemony

g. The Theban Hegemony

h. The Macedonian Empire

5. The Hellenistic World, to 30 B.C.E.

a. Economy, Society, and Culture

b. The Wars of the Diadochi

c. Macedon and Greece, to 146 B.C.E.

d. The Seleucids and Pergamum

e. Parthia

f. Bactria

g. Ptolemaic Egypt to the Roman Conquest

h. Sicily

E. Rome

1. The Monarchy and the Early Republic, 334 (338)–264 B.C.E.

a. Geography and Climate

b. The Peoples of Italy

c. Economy, Society, and Culture

d. The Regal Period

e. The Early Republic

f. The Conquest of Italy

2. The Republic, 264–70 B.C.E.

a. Geography and Climate

b. Economy, Society, and Culture

c. The Punic Wars

d. Conquest of the Mediterranean

e. Domestic Strife

f. War and Politics, to 70 B.C.E.

3. Civil War and Renewal, 70 B.C.E.–14 C.E.

a. Economy, Society, and Culture

b. Military Dynasts and Civil Wars

c. Augustus and the Principate

4. The Roman Empire, 14–284 C.E.

a. Geography and Climate

b. Economy, Society, and Culture

c. The Julio-Claudians

d. Early Christianity

e. The High Empire

f. The Third Century

g. The Rise of Christianity

5. The Later Empire, 284–527 C.E.

a. Economy, Society, and Culture

b. Diocletian and the House of Constantine

c. From the Death of Julian to the Death of Valentinian III

d. Christians and Pagans

e. The Later Fifth Century

F. The Neo-Persian Empire of the Sassanians, 223–651 C.E.

a. Economy, Society, and Culture

b. Ardashir I to Shapur II

c. Shapur II to the Reforms of Khusrau I

d. Hormizd IV to the Muslim Conquest

The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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