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| 1911, April–May |
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| French advance in Morocco, following antiforeign disturbances. The French entered Fez despite German protests. | 1 |
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| June–Nov |
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| SECOND MOROCCAN CRISIS (See June–Nov) resulted from French advance and German threats. | 2 |
| Convention of Nov. 4 provided German agreement to French position in Morocco in exchange for cession of parts of French Congo to Germany. | 3 |
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| Sept.–1912, Oct |
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| TRIPOLITAN WAR (See Sept. 28) between Italy and Turkey. The major powers could not oppose Italian invasion of Tripoli but resisted expansion of the war to the Balkans. The Treaty of Lausanne (October 1912) resulted in the end of Ottoman sovereignty in Tripoli, but the Dodecanese Islands, which had been occupied by Italy, were to be restored to the Ottoman Empire. | 4 |
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| Nov |
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| Russian invasion of northern Persia followed an ultimatum demanding the dismissal of W. Morgan Shuster, an American who had taken charge of Persian governmental finances. | 5 |
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