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| 3. Savoy (Sardinia) |
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(See Other Italian States)| |
| 1638–75 |
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| CHARLES EMMANUEL II, who came of age in 1648, submitted to the domination of his mother until her death in 1663. His reign was scarred by the massacres of the Waldenses (1655), which stirred the indignation of Europe. | 1 |
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| 1675–1730 |
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| VICTOR AMADEUS II. His mother, Jeanne de Nemours, acted as regent until 1684. She continued the Francophile orientation of Savoyard policy. | 2 |
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| 1685 |
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| Further persecution of the heretics, at the behest of Louis XIV. | 3 |
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| 1690 |
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| The duke joined the League of Augsburg against the French (See 1689, May 12). But in 1696, hoping to make better terms with Louis, he reversed himself and received Pinerolo in return. | 4 |
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| 1697 |
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| The Perequazione, a new tax system, introduced. Lands surveyed and valued in an effort to properly assess them. | 5 |
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| 1701–14 |
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| War of the Spanish Succession (See 1701–14). Victor Amadeus allowed the French to occupy Milan and Mantua but joined the Grand Alliance in 1703. As a result the French, under Vendôme, overran Savoy in 1704, but the Austrians, under Prince Eugene of Savoy, relieved the situation in 1705. The French again invaded (1706) and besieged Turin until they were driven out by Prince Eugene. Occupation of Milan by the Austrians and Savoyards. This practically ended the war in Italy. | 6 |
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| 1713 |
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| By the Treaty of Utrecht (See 1713, April 11), Victor Amadeus was awarded Sicily as his share of the Spanish spoils. At the same time he assumed the royal title. | 7 |
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| 1716ff |
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| Poor relief reforms introduced. Public begging and private assistance forbidden; over the next several years, hospices and confraternities were established in cities. These sought to train children for trades and put able-bodied paupers to work. | 8 |
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| 1717 |
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| A Council of State and General Council of Finance established. | 9 |
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| 1717 |
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| A Spanish raid on Sicily resulted in war and a new peace settlement. | 10 |
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| 1720 |
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| By terms of the settlement, Victor Amadeus gave up Sicily to Austria and received in exchange the island of Sardinia (See 1718, Aug. 2). Henceforth he was king of Sardinia. | 11 |
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