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| 1668, Feb. 13 |
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| Spain granted Portugal its independence (See Feb. 13). | 1 |
| Distressed by Father Nithard's policies in foreign affairs, Don Juan refused to command the Spanish army. When one of his friends was executed for plotting to assassinate Father Nithard, Don Juan fled to Catalonia. | 2 |
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| 1669 |
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| Don Juan threatened Madrid with 500 soldiers, forcing Father Nithard to flee the city. Don Juan then demanded rational justice, tax decreases, and budget cutting. Don Juan was temporarily appeased but returned in | 3 |
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| 1677 |
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| with 12,000 men and took control of the government. Charles II had just reached his majority but, suffering physical and mental disabilities, was unfit to rule. Don Juan therefore dominated the government. However, food shortages, his preoccupation with intrigues launched by Mariana, and continued Spanish decline undermined his popularity. | 4 |
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| 1674 |
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| Spain joined the coalition against France and lost territory by the Treaty of Nimwegen (Sept. 17, 1678; (See 1678–79). | 5 |
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| 1679 |
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| Board of Commerce and Money established to approve all guild regulations, centralizing and strengthening the guilds. | 6 |
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| 1680 |
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| Last mass execution of accused heretics under Inquisition (120 people, in Madrid). | 7 |
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| 1683 |
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| The Junta de comercia established. It was unsuccessful until reorganized under the Bourbons (1705). | 8 |
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| 1684 |
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| Treaty of Ratisbon (Regensburg) (See 1684). Spain lost Luxemburg to France after France invaded Catalonia, attacked Genoa, and laid siege to Gerona. | 9 |
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| 1686 |
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| Government devaluation because of persistent hardship, in combination with good harvests that followed, led to some financial stability. | 10 |
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| 1689 |
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| Temporary halt to ordinations in Spain because of the large number of young single men already in the priesthood. | 11 |
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| 1690 |
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| Spain joined the League of Augsburg against Louis XIV and lost Haiti by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697; (See 1697, Sept. 20). | 12 |
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| 1697 |
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| Royal Society of Medicine of Seville founded. | 13 |
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