| |
| f. Southern Africa |
| |
(See 1497)| |
| 1. North of the Limpopo |
| 1500–1700 |
| |
| Expansion of Maravi state system in Chewa-speaking area of the Shire Valley. The state was centered at Manthimba on the southwest side of Lake Malawi. It integrated pre-Maravi inhabitants through ritual and appointments, and expanded, around 1575, by settlement of lineage heads in adjacent territories. | 1 |
| |
| 1514 |
| |
| By this date, Swahili traders had established bazaars for regional trade in the Mutapa Empire. | 2 |
| |
| 1531 |
| |
| Swahili traders were ousted from Sena and Tete but remained in Zambezi region as agents for Portuguese. | 3 |
| |
| 1550 |
| |
| Portuguese began trading along the Zambezi River. | 4 |
| |
| 1575–1684 |
| |
| Portuguese transformed Swahili bazaars in lower Zambezi into feiras, central areas for Afro-Portuguese commerce, on land granted by local chiefs. The most celebrated feira was Dambarane. | 5 |
| |
| 1500–1800 |
| |
| NEW CROPS from Europe and Asia and the Americas entered southern Zambezi, including rice, yams, various fruit trees, groundnuts, cowpeas, and maize. New crops contributed to population increase. | 6 |
| |
| 1600–1700 |
| |
| Chewa-Maravi peoples became most important group in subregion north of Zambezi River; the Portuguese were forced to cooperate with them in the Zambezi Valley. | 7 |
| |
| 1624 |
| |
| Jesuit missions established along the Zambezi River. | 8 |
| |
| 1645 |
| |
| Portuguese began to export slaves from Mozambique to Brazil. | 9 |
| |
| 1677 |
| |
| Two thousand Portuguese colonialists arrived in Mozambique. | 10 |
| |
| |
