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| 1701–14 |
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| War of the Spanish Succession (See 1701–14). | 1 |
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| 1712 |
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| Hamburg's constitution revised as a result of a struggle against the city's elites. Popular protest in the 17th century led to a constitution that expanded representation and preserved social mobility. | 2 |
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| 1731 |
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| An imperial law eliminated journeymen's associations and guilds' judicial power, placing the guilds under government control. | 3 |
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| 1736–39 |
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| Unsuccessful war with the Ottoman Empire. | 4 |
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| 1785, July |
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| League of the German Princes among Prussia, Electoral Saxony, and Hanover, which was afterward joined by Brunswick, Mainz, Hesse-Cassel, Baden, Mecklenburg, Anhalt, and the Thuringian lands, directed against Joseph II's reform schemes (See 1785). | 5 |
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| 1790–92 |
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| LEOPOLD II, emperor. He restored the old constitution and the old privileges. A conference at Reichenbach prevented a war with Prussia, which (Jan. 31, 1790) had concluded a treaty with the Ottomans in order to procure more favorable conditions for the latter from Austria and Russia. (See Germany) | 6 |
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