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| 2. The Republic of Mongolia (The Mongolian People's Republic), 1945–2000 |
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(See 1925, Oct)| Alliance with the Soviet Union. The Mongolian People's Republic entered into formal alliance with the Soviet Union with the signing of a ten-year assistance treaty in 1936 and its renewal in 1946. It supported the Soviet Union in its ideological conflict with China in the 1960s. A 20-year treaty of friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance was signed in 1964, and an agreement eliciting Soviet economic aid was completed in 1970. | 1 |
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| 1945 |
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| Independence of Mongolia. A national plebiscite on Oct. 20 voted for independence, and China thereafter recognized the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) as an independent state. On Feb. 14, 1950, China and the Soviet Union signed a treaty that guaranteed the MPR's independence. A new boundary agreement with China was signed in 1987. | 2 |
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| 1960 |
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| A new constitution stated that the construction of socialism was the country's basic task. | 3 |
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| 1961, Oct. 27 |
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| Admission to UN membership. | 4 |
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| 1980s–1990s |
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| Some reforms were initiated to parallel glasnost and perestroika in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s. In July 1990, the first multiparty elections were held, in which the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won 85 percent of the vote. Economic reforms moved toward privatization and market economy in the 1990s. Trade with China increased by over 40 percent in the early 1990s. | 5 |
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| 1991, Nov |
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| The Grand People's Hural voted to change the country's name from the Mongolian People's Republic to the Republic of Mongolia. It has been a multiparty democracy since July 1990. | 6 |
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| 1998, April 23 |
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| Discord over proposed market reforms spread within Mongolia's ruling coalition. As a result, Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj was suddenly given the position of prime minister. However, further parliamentary disagreement led to his resignation on July 24. | 7 |
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| Oct. 2 |
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| A political crisis spread following the murder of cabinet member and potential prime minister Sanjaasuregiyn Zorig. | 8 |
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