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| 1870, June |
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| The Spanish International held its first congress at Barcelona and refused to support the Republican program, thus establishing anarchistic opposition to the government. | 1 |
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| 1870, Dec. 30 |
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| The duke of Aosta, son of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, accepted the throne and became Amadeo I. | 2 |
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| 1871–73 |
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| AMADEO I. | 3 |
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| 1871 |
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| Anarchist Congress of Valencia established the anarchists' position on women, which argued that women should not be required to work, and instigated periodic anarchist risings in Andalusia in the following years. | 4 |
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| 1872 |
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| The Hidalgo affair resulting in Amadeo's abdication. Gen. J. Hidalgo was made captain general of the Basque Provinces, despite allegations that he had ordered the sergeants to fire on the officers at San Gil. The artillery officers all protested by declaring they were sick and refusing to take command. The king was forced to sign decrees firing those officers and promoting sergeants to take their places. Following the decrees, the king abdicated (Feb. 12, 1873). | 5 |
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| July |
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| Cantonalist risings, driven by anarchist propaganda, sought to establish independent republics in the south. The cantonal republics were put down forcibly, and the cantonalists were declared criminals. | 6 |
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