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| 1674 |
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| John III Sobieski elected king. | 1 |
| After a victory over the Ottomans at Lemberg (1675), John Sobieski concluded with them the Treaty of Zuravno (Oct. 1676), by which the Ottomans retained only part of the Ukraine. | 2 |
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| 1676 |
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| John Sobieski began a major reorganization of the Polish military. It was hampered by inefficiency in collecting taxes and Sobieski's reliance on noble financial support rather than a strong bureaucratic state. | 3 |
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| 1683, March 31 |
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| John Sobieski made an alliance with Austria in order to present a united front to the Turkish advance on Vienna. | 4 |
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| Sept. 12 |
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| Polish troops arrived and assisted in lifting the siege of Vienna (See 1683, July 14–Sept. 12). Sobieski then pursued the Ottomans and committed himself to a holy war. This war was costly and severely weakened Poland, leaving it subject to disorder and partitioning. | 5 |
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