IV. The Early Modern Period, 1500–1800 > B. Early Modern Europe, 1479–1815 > 5. National Patterns, 1648–1815 > d. The Iberian Peninsula > 2. Portugal > 1765
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1765
 
The government ordered vineyards in areas suitable for grain production uprooted and replaced with wheat and other crops. The move was an attempt to decrease Portuguese need to import grain, but it was unsuccessful.  1
 
1768
 
The distinction made by the Inquisition between old and new Christians abolished.  2
 
1768
 
Censorship transferred from the Church to the state. A royal printing press established. Such reforms were paid for through a tax on wine, brandy, and vinegar.  3
 
1769
 
The Law of the Good Reason limited valid laws to only those which rested on “good reason.” This was a triumph for Enlightenment thinking.  4
 
1769
 
Pombal turned the Inquisition into a royal court rather than an independent institution.  5
 
1770
 
Trade declared a noble and necessary profession and traders given the right to establish entailed estates.  6
 
1774
 
Insanity of Joseph I and regency of his wife, Maria Anna. She began gradually to reduce the power of Pombal.  7
 
1774
 
Pombal decreed the free circulation of goods throughout Portugal.  8
 
1774
 
New regulation eliminated the inquisitors' use of the death penalty and public autos-da-fé.  9
 
1777–1816
 
MARIA I, the daughter of Joseph I, queen. She married her uncle Peter, who assumed the title of king as Peter III but who died in 1786. Under Maria, the nobility began to recover its position. Pombal was exiled (d. 1782) but his reform policies continued.  10
 
1779
 
Establishment of the Royal Academy of Science.  11
 
1780
 
Police prerogatives enlarged.  12
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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