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| 4. North Africa, 1945–2000 |
| a. Morocco |
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(See 1940, Nov. 9)| |
| 1946 |
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| Erik Labonne became French resident-general, replacing Gen. Gabriel Puaux. Labonne's conciliatory policies attracted little support from the Moroccan leadership. Consequently, Labonne lost his position to Gen. Alphonse Juin the next year. | 1 |
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| 1951 |
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| Formation of the National Front, combining the Maghrib Unity and Islah Parties in Spanish Morocco, and the Istiqlal and Democratic Parties in the French zone. | 2 |
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| 1952, Dec. 7–8 |
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| Rioting in Casablanca (38 dead) in protest over the murder of Tunisian labor activist Ferhat Hached. | 3 |
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| 1953, Aug |
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| French authorities deposed King Muhammad Ben Yusuf and installed Muhammad Ben Arafa as the new monarch. The former king was exiled to Madagascar. Over the next two years, French authorities had to contend with a campaign of urban guerrilla warfare. In Casablanca alone, attacks took the lives of 406 Moroccans and Europeans up to the autumn of 1955. | 4 |
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| 1955 |
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| Founding of the Union Marocaine du Travail, the first Moroccan trade union, by the labor activists Tayyib Bouazza and Mahjoub Ben Seddiq. | 5 |
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| Aug |
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| At the conference of Aix-les-Bains, French officials and Moroccan representatives concluded an agreement that paved the way for Moroccan independence. The French promised to remove Ben Arafa as king before withdrawing. Muhammad Ben Yusuf (Muhammad V) officially returned to the throne on Oct. 29, 1955. | 6 |
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