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| 1925–27 |
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| The Independence Tribunals in operation. These courts were established ostensibly to crush enemies of the state. In practice, they became the instrument by which the government terrorized and eliminated many of its political opponents. | 1 |
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| 1925 |
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| Opening of the University of Ankara. | 2 |
| Founding of the Turkish Historical Society. One of its chief responsibilities was the preparation of new history textbooks for the national school system. From the beginning, the organization was an important ideological weapon for the state, which was determined to inculcate nationalist beliefs in students. | 3 |
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| Feb |
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| The Revolt of Sheik Sa’id, named for the Kurdish tribal leader who instigated it. The uprising involved Kurdish tribes throughout a large area west of Lake Van. Sheik Sa’id himself was quickly captured in April and executed with other leading rebels on June 30. By November the revolt had been completely put down. | 4 |
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| March 5 |
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| In the wake of the Revolt of Sheik Mustafa Sa’id, Kemal assumed sweeping emergency powers. Civilian rule was not restored until March 1929. | 5 |
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| June 3 |
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| Proscription of the opposition Progressive Republican Party, organized the previous year. The measure removed any semblance of a multiparty system from Turkish political life. | 6 |
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| Aug |
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| Abolition of polygamy. | 7 |
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| Nov. 25 |
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| Reforms in dress. The fez (a brimless hat widespread in the Middle East) was banned, and Turks were required to wear Western-style hats. Another law prohibited religious dress outside mosques. | 8 |
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| Dec. 17 |
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| Soviet-Turkish treaty of friendship. The agreement was not, however, a result of pro-Communist leanings in the government. The Turkish Communist Party was banned the same year. | 9 |
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| Dec. 26 |
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| Adoption of the Christian Gregorian calendar. | 10 |
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