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| d. Estonia |
| 1917, Nov. 28 |
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| The Estonians, taking advantage of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia, proclaimed their independence, but the Soviet government at once undertook the reconquest of this strategically important area. To block the Russian advance, the Germans occupied the country (Dec.). | 1 |
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| 1918, Feb. 24 |
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| The independence of Estonia was again proclaimed, under German protection. A provisional government was formed by Konstantin Päts, who was to play a prominent role throughout the entire postwar period. | 2 |
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| March 3 |
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| By the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (See March 3), Russia was obliged to recognize Estonian independence. | 3 |
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| Nov. 11 |
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| The Germans began the withdrawal from the country, following the end of World War I. They ceded complete power to Päts. | 4 |
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| Nov. 22 |
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| The Russians began a second invasion of the country. The Estonians put up a valiant resistance and were supported by a British fleet. | 5 |
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