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| 352 |
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| Philip defeated and killed Onomarchus and united Thessaly under his rule. He marched south toward Greece but was stopped at Thermopylae by the Phocians in alliance with the Athenians, Achaeans, and Spartans. | 1 |
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| 351 |
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| Olynthus, suspicious of Philip, appealed to Athens for aid. Demosthenes appeared as the leader of the anti-Macedonian party, urging action in his three Olynthiac Orations. | 2 |
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| 349 |
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| Athens made an alliance with Olynthus, but an attempt by Demosthenes to divert money from the theoric fund for military purposes failed. | 3 |
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| 348 |
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| Philip induced Euboea to revolt from the Athenian League. Athens, against Demosthenes' advice, divided its effort by sending forces both to Euboea and Olynthus. The Athenian commander Phocian was successful in Euboea, but his successor Molossus lost the country. Philip took Olynthus, razed it, and enslaved its citizens. Athens could not secure help from the other Greeks, and even Demosthenes favored peace. | 4 |
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| 347–345 |
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| Dionysius II returned to Syracuse and briefly ruled as tyrant but was replaced in 345, first by Hicetas, tyrant of Leontini, and then by Timoleon, a Corinthian, who took the city with a small mercenary force. Timoleon did not make himself tyrant but instituted a moderate oligarchy, with the priest (amphipolos) of Zeus as chief magistrate and with 600 rich citizens as a council. Timoleon began a campaign to unseat other tyrants in Sicily and southern Italy. | 5 |
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| 347 |
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| Frustrated by continued Phocian resistance, the Thebans and Thessalians called on Philip to intervene on behalf of the Amphictyonic League. | 6 |
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| 346 |
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| Peace of Philocrates. Philocrates, Aeschines, Demosthenes, and seven other Athenian ambassadors were sent to negotiate a peace with Philip. The terms left each side in possession of cities held when the peace was sworn. The Athenian assembly accepted the terms and sent the embassy back to swear the oaths. The ambassadors, however, were delayed on the way, and Philip profited by conquering more of Thrace. | 7 |
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| 346 |
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| Athens first supported Phocis but then signed the Peace of Philocrates, which ended the Third Sacred War. Philip then conquered Phocis and had its seats on the Amphictyonic Council transferred to him. | 8 |
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| 344 |
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| Demosthenes traveled through the Peloponnese trying to develop an anti-Philip alliance. At Athens, he delivered his Second Philippic. | 9 |
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| 341–339 |
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| The Carthaginians tried to conquer Sicily but were defeated by Timoleon at the Battle of the Crimissus (341). The Sicilian tyrants then joined the Carthaginians, but Timoleon made a separate peace with Carthage, establishing a boundary at the Halycus River (339). Turning against the tyrants, Timoleon expelled them and formed a military league against Carthage. Timoleon then retired from public life and lived out his days as a private citizen. | 10 |
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| 341–339 |
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| Athens, at the urging of Demosthenes, made anti-Philip alliances with Euboea and the Peloponnese. The Athenians also sent help to Byzantium, which was fighting Philip. | 11 |
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| 339 |
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| Demosthenes reformed the financial system which supported the navy by replacing the individual liturgy (trierarchia) with more equitable and efficient groups of contributors (symmoriae). He also succeeded in devoting surplus state income to military purposes instead of the theoric fund. | 12 |
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