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| 339 |
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| Philip attempted to convince the Amphictyonic Council to fine Athens for improper dedication of spoils from Persia and Thebes. Aeschines, in a brilliant speech, diverted the council's attention by bringing charges against the Locrians of Amphissa. | 1 |
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| 339–338 |
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| The Fourth Sacred War was fought against the Locrians of Amphissa. The Amphictyonic Council gave command of the League's forces to Philip, and in response the Athenians made an anti-Macedonian alliance with Thebes. Athens sent a force of 10,000 mercenaries to guard Amphissa. | 2 |
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| 338 |
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| THE BATTLE OF CHAERONEA. Philip annihilated Athens' mercenary force and captured Amphissa. In August, at the Battle of Chaeronea, Philip crushed the allied armies of Thebes and Athens. He garrisoned Thebes but let Athens go free. Philip called the Congress of Corinth, during which all the Greek states, except Sparta, entered a Hellenic League against Persia, under Macedonian hegemony. The league council had proportional representation and was presided over by a chairman, replaced by the Macedonian king in wartime. The autonomy of the members was guaranteed, existing constitutions were not to be altered, and no private property was to be confiscated. There was no tribute required and no more than four garrisons—Thebes, Corinth, Chalcis, and Ambracia. The king had supreme military command, and the Amphictyonic Council served as a court of appeals. Philip announced plans for a campaign against the Persian Empire. | 3 |
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| c. 342–338 |
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| Under pressure from the Lucanians, invading from central Italy, Tarentum called on Sparta for assistance. Sparta sent King Archidamus III of Sparta (360–338) with an army and a fleet but he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Manduria (338). | 4 |
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| 337 |
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| The Second Congress of Corinth declared war on Persia. | 5 |
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| 336 |
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| Philip sent an army of 10,000 under his general Parmenio to Asia Minor. In the spring, Persia underwent two coups d'état—ultimately Darius III took the throne. Philip was assassinated during the summer by a disgruntled bodyguard, allegedly at the instigation of Olympias, one of his wives. | 6 |
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