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| 1912 |
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| The South African Native National Congress (later the African National Congress (ANC)) was founded, composed of educated elites and chiefs but drawn from all ethnic groups and regions. Rev. John Langalibalele Dube of Natal was its first president. | 1 |
| The Native Recruiting Corporation was given a monopoly on recruiting for mine labor within South Africa. | 2 |
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| 1913, June |
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| THE NATIVE LAND ACT ENTRENCHED THE PRINCIPLE OF TERRITORIAL SEGREGATION, restricting African land tenure to 7.3 percent of South Africa (with a promise of more to be added later), mostly in communal tenure reserves and scattered freehold areas. In the long term, this act crippled the already declining African peasantry; its antisharecropping and antirenting provisions took effect slowly (except in Orange Free State) but increased the bargaining power of white farmers seeking African labor. | 3 |
| The Immigration Act restricted the entry and free movement of Asians. Extensive rioting by Indians followed, during which Gandhi was arrested. | 4 |
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| July |
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| Troops fired on striking miners at Kleinfontein. | 5 |
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