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| 1866–71 |
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| Livingstone traveled from the mouth of the Rovuma inland to Lake Nyasa and thence to Lake Tanganyika and Bangweolu, whence he returned to Tanganyika. | 1 |
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| 1868–71 |
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| Georg Schweinfurth explored the Red Sea coast, and went from Khartum to the interior, where he discovered the Welle River. | 2 |
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| 1870 |
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| Gustav Nachtigal explored the Chad region and crossed from there to Egypt. | 3 |
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| 1871 |
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| Henry M. Stanley, searching for Livingstone, found him on Lake Tanganyika. Death of Livingstone (April 27, 1873). | 4 |
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| 1874–77 |
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| Stanley circumnavigated Victoria Nyanza, proceeded thence to Lake Tanganyika, and crossed to the Lualaba River, which he descended to the Congo, ultimately reaching the Atlantic coast. | 5 |
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| 1876–78 |
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| Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza explored the region of the Ogowe and lower Congo. | 6 |
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| 1876 |
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| Foundation of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Africa, under the auspices of Leopold II of Belgium. | 7 |
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| 1879–86 |
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| Wilhelm Junker demonstrated that the Welle River was part of the Congo system and carried on extensive researches about Lake Albert. | 8 |
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| 1879–84 |
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| Stanley, in the service of Leopold, ascended the Congo and established posts in the basin. | 9 |
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| 1880 |
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| De Brazza returned to the Congo River and secured French protectorates from the chief to the north of the river. | 10 |
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| 1880–83 |
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| Hermann von Wissmann explored the Congo basin and twice crossed the continent. | 11 |
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| 1887–89 |
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| STANLEY'S EXPEDITION TO RELIEVE EMIN PASHA (Eduard Schnitzer, Egyptian governor of Equatoria, 1877–88). Stanley ascended the Congo and crossed to the great lakes. He found Emin on the upper Nile and induced him to leave for the east coast. | 12 |
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