V. The Modern Period, 1789–1914 > B. The French Revolution and Europe, 1789–1914 > 8. Eastern Europe and the Balkans, 1762–1914 > c. The Balkans > 5. Bulgaria > 1888
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1888
 
Bulgaria completed construction of its section of the Vienna-to-Constantinople railway line.  1
 
1890, July
 
In concessions designed to firm up Bulgarian politics and thereby avoid regional instability, the Ottoman government appointed three Bulgarian bishops to Macedonian dioceses. This bolstered Stambolov's government and the monarchy.  2
 
1891
 
The Bulgarian Revolutionary Social Democratic Party was founded with goals similar to the German party's Erfurt program. The party fared poorly, however, due to numerous splits and weak unionization among workers.  3
 
1892, Aug
 
Visit of Stambolov to Constantinople. His policy throughout was one of friendship with the Ottomans and the extraction of concessions in regard to Macedonia. Suggestions by Charilaos Tricoupis, the Greek statesman, for formation of a Balkan league, were rejected (1891).  4
Krustiu Krustev became editor of Misul (Thought), the leading literary journal in Bulgaria. This represented the cultural shift since liberation. No longer emphasizing Bulgarian uniqueness, authors such as Stoyan Mihailovski, Petko Todorov, and Petko Slaveikov sought to link Bulgarian literature to general European trends, highlighting the individual over the national collective.  5
The Sulzi i Smyah (Tears and Laughter) theater company, the cornerstone of the state-financed National Theater Company to be formed in the 1900s, was founded.  6
 
1894, June 12
 
Dismissal of Stambolov, due in part to peasant dissatisfaction and to Prince Ferdinand's desire to pave the way for reconciliation with Russia, partly to pressure of Macedonian elements dissatisfied with Stambolov's cautious policy.  7
In reaction to falling world grain prices, the government replaced the tithe with a land tax. Constantine Stoilov's government also sought to increase revenues through the first encouragement of industry bill, designed to assist Bulgarian manufacturers. The scope of the bill was widened later in 1905 and 1909. Construction also began on modern port facilities in Burgas and Varna (completed in 1903 and 1906 respectively). Finally, this effort was rounded out by commercial reforms built on the 1893 relaxation of banking regulations, such as the creation in 1894 of chambers of commerce, the codification of commercial law in 1897, and the creation of a grain bourse in 1907.  8
 
1895, July 15
 
Stambolov was murdered by Macedonian revolutionaries.  9
 
1896, Feb
 
Reconciliation of Russia and Bulgaria, on the occasion of the conversion of the crown prince, Boris, to the Orthodox faith.  10
 
Feb. 19
 
The sultan recognized Ferdinand as prince of Bulgaria and governor-general of Eastern Rumelia, followed shortly by recognition by the great powers.  11
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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