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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
III. Caliphs, to 1256
 
 
622 (570)–32MUHAMMAD IBN ABDALLAH
The Orthodox Caliphate
632–34Abu Bakr
634–44Umar ibn al-Khattab
644–56Uthman ibn Affan
656–61Ali ibn Abi Talib
The Umayyad Caliphate
661–80Mu’awiya I (Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan)
680–82Yazid I
683Mu’awiya II
684–85Marwan I
685–705Abd al-Malik
705–15Walid I
715–17Sulaiman
717–20Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz
720–24Yazid II
724–43Hisham
743–44Walid II
744Yazid III
744Ibrahim
744–50Marwan II
The Abbasid Caliphate
750–54Abu al Abbas al-Saffah
754–75Al-Mansur
775–85Al-Mahdi
785–86Al-Hadi
786–809Harun Al-Rashid
809–13Al-Amin
813–33Al-Ma’mun (Mamun the Great)
833–42Al-Mu’tasim
842–47Al-Wathiq
847–61Al-Mutawakkil
861–62Al-Muntasir
862–66Al-Musta’in
866–69Al-Mu’tazz
869–70Al-Muqtadi
870–92Al-Mu’tamid
892–902Al-Mu’tadid
902–8Al-Muqtafi
908–32Al-Muqtadir
932–34Al-Qahir
934–40Al-Radi
940–44Al-Muttaqi
944–46Al-Mustaqfi
946–74Al-Muti
974–91Al-Ta’i
991–1031Al-Qadir
1031–75Al-Qa’im
1075–94Al-Muqtadi
1094–1118Al-Mustazhir
1118–35Al-Mustarshid
1135–36Al-Rashid
1136–60Al-Muqtafi
1160–70Al-Mustanjid
1170–80Al-Mustadi
1180–1225Al-Nasir
1225–26Al-Zahir
1226–42Al-Mustansir
1242–56Al-Musta’sim
The Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba
756–88Abd ar-Rahman I
788–96Hisham I
796–822Al-Hakam I
822–52Abd ar-Rahman II
852–86Muhammad I
886–88Al Mundhir
888–912Abdallah
912–61Abd ar-Rahman III
961–76Al-Hakam II al Mustansir
976–1009Hisham II al Muayyad
1009–10Muhammad II al-Mahdi
1009–10Sulaiman al-Mustain
1010–13Hisham II (restored)
1013–16Sulaiman (restored)
1016–18Ali ben Hammud
1018Abd ar-Rahman IV
1018–21Al-Qasim
1021–22Yahya
1022–23Al-Qasim (restored)
1023–24Abd ar-Rahman V
1024–25Muhammad III
1025–27Yahya (restored)
1027–31Hisham III
The Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt
909–34Al-Mahdi
934–45Al-Qaim
945–52Al-Mansur
952–75Al-Muizz
975–96Al-Aziz
996–1021Al-Hakim
1021–36Az-Zahir
1036–94Al-Mustansir
1094–1101Al-Mustadi
1101–30Al-Amir
1130–49Al-Hafiz
1149–54Az-Zafir
1154–60Al-Faiz
1160–71Al-Adid
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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