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The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.

III. Caliphs, to 1256

622 (570)–32 MUHAMMAD IBN ABDALLAH The Orthodox Caliphate 632–34 Abu Bakr 634–44 Umar ibn al-Khattab 644–56 Uthman ibn Affan 656–61 Ali ibn Abi Talib The Umayyad Caliphate 661–80 Mu’awiya I (Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan) 680–82 Yazid I 683 Mu’awiya II 684–85 Marwan I 685–705 Abd al-Malik 705–15 Walid I 715–17 Sulaiman 717–20 Umar ibn Abdul-Aziz 720–24 Yazid II 724–43 Hisham 743–44 Walid II 744 Yazid III 744 Ibrahim 744–50 Marwan II The Abbasid Caliphate 750–54 Abu al Abbas al-Saffah 754–75 Al-Mansur 775–85 Al-Mahdi 785–86 Al-Hadi 786–809 Harun Al-Rashid 809–13 Al-Amin 813–33 Al-Ma’mun (Mamun the Great) 833–42 Al-Mu’tasim 842–47 Al-Wathiq 847–61 Al-Mutawakkil 861–62 Al-Muntasir 862–66 Al-Musta’in 866–69 Al-Mu’tazz 869–70 Al-Muqtadi 870–92 Al-Mu’tamid 892–902 Al-Mu’tadid 902–8 Al-Muqtafi 908–32 Al-Muqtadir 932–34 Al-Qahir 934–40 Al-Radi 940–44 Al-Muttaqi 944–46 Al-Mustaqfi 946–74 Al-Muti 974–91 Al-Ta’i 991–1031 Al-Qadir 1031–75 Al-Qa’im 1075–94 Al-Muqtadi 1094–1118 Al-Mustazhir 1118–35 Al-Mustarshid 1135–36 Al-Rashid 1136–60 Al-Muqtafi 1160–70 Al-Mustanjid 1170–80 Al-Mustadi 1180–1225 Al-Nasir 1225–26 Al-Zahir 1226–42 Al-Mustansir 1242–56 Al-Musta’sim The Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba 756–88 Abd ar-Rahman I 788–96 Hisham I 796–822 Al-Hakam I 822–52 Abd ar-Rahman II 852–86 Muhammad I 886–88 Al Mundhir 888–912 Abdallah 912–61 Abd ar-Rahman III 961–76 Al-Hakam II al Mustansir 976–1009 Hisham II al Muayyad 1009–10 Muhammad II al-Mahdi 1009–10 Sulaiman al-Mustain 1010–13 Hisham II (restored) 1013–16 Sulaiman (restored) 1016–18 Ali ben Hammud 1018 Abd ar-Rahman IV 1018–21 Al-Qasim 1021–22 Yahya 1022–23 Al-Qasim (restored) 1023–24 Abd ar-Rahman V 1024–25 Muhammad III 1025–27 Yahya (restored) 1027–31 Hisham III The Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt 909–34 Al-Mahdi 934–45 Al-Qaim 945–52 Al-Mansur 952–75 Al-Muizz 975–96 Al-Aziz 996–1021 Al-Hakim 1021–36 Az-Zahir 1036–94 Al-Mustansir 1094–1101 Al-Mustadi 1101–30 Al-Amir 1130–49 Al-Hafiz 1149–54 Az-Zafir 1154–60 Al-Faiz 1160–71 Al-Adid

The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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