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| c. 19th-Century Explorations |
| 1806 |
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| William Scoresby reached a record north and wrote the influential Account of the Arctic Regions. | 1 |
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| 1818 |
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| Twin expedition of John Ross and Edward Parry to Baffin Bay. | 2 |
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| 1819–26 |
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| John Franklin's land explorations of northern Canada. | 3 |
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| 1820–23 |
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| Baron Wrangel's explorations of Siberia. | 4 |
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| 1821–23 |
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| Edward Parry's second expedition. | 5 |
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| 1824 |
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| Parry's third expedition, seeking a northern sea passage around North America. | 6 |
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| 1827 |
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| Parry set record north, departing from Spitsbergen. | 7 |
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| 1829–33 |
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| John Ross and his nephew, James Clark Ross, explored northern Canada, and James Ross located north magnetic pole in 1831. | 8 |
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| 1841–43 |
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| JAMES CLARK ROSS explored Antarctic coasts and islands, claiming large areas for Great Britain, and set a record south that lasted for 60 years. | 9 |
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| 1845–48 |
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| The expedition of SIR JOHN FRANKLIN completed the discovery of the full Northwest Passage, but all members of the expedition perished. | 10 |
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| 1848–59 |
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| Franklin Relief Expeditions finally discovered the fate of the Franklin group and also discovered and mapped significant portions of regions in North America. | 11 |
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