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| 1807–8 |
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| Invasion of Portugal by Napoleon's army prompted Prince John, regent after 1792, to create a regency in Portugal, flee to Brazil, and establish his court at Rio de Janeiro. He declared war on France, dispatched an expedition to French Guiana, and sought to annex the Banda Oriental of the Río de la Plata. | 1 |
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| 1812 |
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| The opposition of the viceroy and the revolutionary junta of Buenos Aires, along with British influence, caused the regent to renounce temporarily intervention in the Río de la Plata. | 2 |
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| 1815–16 |
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| The regent elevated Brazil into a coordinate member of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve (Dec. 16, 1815). He became John VI upon the death of Maria I (March 1, 1816). | 3 |
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