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| 1693 |
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| Paulista bandeirantes discovered extensive gold deposits in Minas Gerais. An influx of gold seekers followed, among them many newly arrived Portuguese. Stagnation of sugar economy. | 1 |
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| 1694–95 |
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| A military expedition captured Palmares, reenslaving maroon dwellers. Their leader, Zumbi, continued resistance until 1695, when he was captured and executed. | 2 |
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| 1701–13 |
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| French attacked Brazilian ports as a result of alliance of Portugal with England in the War of the Succession. They sacked and held for ransom Rio de Janeiro (1711). | 3 |
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| 1708–9 |
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| War of the Emboabas. The Paulista gold prospectors attacked Emboabas (Portuguese newcomers), whom they saw as taking undue advantage of their findings. | 4 |
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| 1709 |
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| Paulistas colonized Mato Grosso and Goiás, areas far west of the Line of Demarcation. The crown created the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas Gerais with a captain-general directly responsible to the sovereign. Later it elevated Minas Gerais into a separate jurisdiction (1720) and established the captaincies of Mato Grosso (1744) and Goiás (1748). | 5 |
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| 1710–11 |
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| The War of the Mascates. Disputes between native Brazilians of Olinda, capital of Pernambuco, and the Portuguese of the commercial town of Recife led to armed conflict. Recife obtained municipal privileges and eventually displaced Olinda as the seat of government. | 6 |
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| 1718 |
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| Against ruthless Portuguese expansion, Gê and Tupi Indians, led by Mandu Ladino, rebelled in southern Maranhão and Ceará. Portuguese, using Tobajara Indians, subdued the rebellion after seven years. Portuguese advances in the Amazon basin destroyed Omagua and Yurimagua tribes. | 7 |
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| 1755 |
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| Law of liberties declared Indians free citizens but had little effect in improving treatment of Indians. | 8 |
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| 1750–77 |
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| The Marquês de Pombal (Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo), as minister to Joseph I, introduced broad colonial reforms. The capital was transferred from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro, and Maranhão was incorporated into Brazil (1777). He declared Indians free citizens (1755) and ordered the expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and its possessions (1759). Pombal strongly pressed Portuguese territorial claims. | 9 |
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| 1760 |
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| Treaty of Madrid. Although this treaty was voided in 1761, it was important because both Spain and Portugal abandoned the boundaries set by the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). | 10 |
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| 1777 |
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| By the Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain recognized Portuguese claims to extensive areas in the basins of the Amazon and Paraná. | 11 |
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| 1789 |
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| The Conspiracy of Minas Gerais (Inconfidência Mineira). Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes) led a failed revolution to make Minas Gerais an independent republic. | 12 |
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