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| 1656, June 30 |
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| Warsaw liberated. It was retaken by Swedes a few weeks later. | 1 |
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| 1660s |
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| Two Masters of the Mint, Boratini and Tymff, each tried to stabilize the country's finances by minting coins. Their schemes led to debasement and economic hardship. | 2 |
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| 1661–67 |
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| John Casimir faced a revolt of the nobility. Jerzy Lubomirski, marshal of the crown, led a mutiny subdued by crown forces at the Silesian border. Lubomirski chose to be exiled to Breslau. | 3 |
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| 1667, Jan. 20 |
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| Treaty of Andrussavo, ending the conflict with Russia. Russia received eastern Ukraine and Smolensk. | 4 |
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| 1668 |
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| John Casimir abdicated and, following a period of upheaval, the Poles finally elected a national candidate in 1669, King Michael. | 5 |
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| 1670, July |
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| Michael married Archduchess Eleonora of Habsburg. | 6 |
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| 1670 |
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| Prussians raided Warsaw to recapture Kalkstein, a fugitive from Königsberg. | 7 |
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| 1672–76 |
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| Second Ottoman War. The Ottomans took Podolia (See 1672–76) and captured the fortress of Kamieniec Podolsk. | 8 |
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| Oct |
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| Treaty with Ottoman Empire. Turkey received all remaining Polish districts of the Ukraine and tribute of 22,000 gold ducats per year. | 9 |
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