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| 1799 |
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| Bad harvests and ravaged land (the result of French occupation) caused hardship and rises in prices. Unemployment also rose. | 1 |
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| 1803 |
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| Napoleon reestablished the original 13 cantons and added 6 new ones in the Act of Mediation. This act eliminated the special privileges of birth in certain cantons and established 6 director cantons to oversee the entire republic. It also suppressed the press, increasing censorship. The central government drained the marshes in Glarus, providing more fertile land for agriculture. | 2 |
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| 1813 |
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| Diet convened at Zürich following the Battle of Leipzig declared Swiss armed neutrality in the war with Napoleon. | 3 |
| Helvetic Republic Culture: Influenced by the Enlightenment but pressing toward Romanticism, Swiss culture included a strong strain of nationalism. Johannes von Müller's History of the Swiss Confederation encouraged study of the Swiss past. Patriotic poetry flourished (e.g., Rudolf Wyss's hymn “Rufst Du, mein Vaterland,” which had become the national anthem, and Gottlieb Jakob Kuhn's “Ha an em Ort es Blüemli gseh”). (See Switzerland) | 4 |
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