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| b. Namibia |
| 1959, Dec. 10 |
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| A police incident outside of Windhoek led to the formation of a broad nationalist alliance known as the South West African People's Organization (SWAPO). | 1 |
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| 1960–65 |
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| SWAPO concentrated on petitioning the UN and organizing within Namibia. It gained considerable support among Ovambo migrant workers. It pursued independence, nationalization of mines and fisheries, and nonracialism. | 2 |
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| 1965 |
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| SWAPO was recognized by the Organization of African Unity as the sole representative of Namibians. | 3 |
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| 1966, Aug |
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| The International Court of Justice (ICJ) refused to rule on the validity of South African rule of Namibia. | 4 |
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| Aug. 26 |
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| The first armed clashes between South African forces and SWAPO occurred in Namibia. | 5 |
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