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| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
| 1975 | |
| Establishment of AMAL, a Shi’ite militia that drew its recruits primarily from the heavily Shi’ite districts of southern Lebanon. Another Shi’ite organization, HIZBOLLAH, was founded in 1978 but came to prominence during the 1980s. Hizbollah represented a coalition of factions closely allied with Iran and adhering to the ideology of the Iranian Revolution. It was largely responsible for the campaign of kidnappings aimed at westerners during the 1980s. | 1 |
| April 13 | |
| OUTBREAK OF CIVIL WAR. Christian Phalangist militiamen massacred 27 Palestinians at Ain el-Roumaneh. Over the following weeks, skirmishes erupted throughout the country between Christian and Palestinian forces. Muslim militias soon entered the fray and aligned themselves with the Palestinians. | 2 |
| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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