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| d. Ceylon |
| 846 |
| |
| The capital of Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka) was moved south to Polonnaruva to escape Tamil invasions. | 1 |
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| 1001–17 |
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| The two great invasions (1001–4 and 1014–17) by Chola Rajaraja and his son Rajendra. | 2 |
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| 1065–1120 |
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| Vijayabahu ruled prosperously despite further incursions (1046, 1055). | 3 |
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| 1164–97 |
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| Parakramabahu I repelled the Tamils (1168), invaded Madura, and united the two rival monasteries. | 4 |
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| 1225–60 |
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| Parakramabahu II repelled two attacks (c. 1236 and c. 1256) by a king of Tambralinga (Ligor on the Straits of Malacca), with Pandya help. | 5 |
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| 1284 |
| |
| The king sent a relic of the Buddha to Khubilai Khan. (See India, 1500–1800) | 6 |
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